505 


■I  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 


AT 

STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 
CALIFORNIA 


A  Report  and  An  Analysis 


By  E.  D.  ADAMS 


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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

AT 

STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 
CALIFORNIA 


A  Report  and  An  Analysis 


By  E.  D.  ADAMS 

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4966^ 


Stanford  University 
Press 


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CONTENTS 


I.  D.  P. :  Delegation  Propaganda 10 

II.  S.  P. :  Society  Publications 16 

III.  G.  D. :  Government  Documents 33 

IV.  Library  of  Congress  Exchange  Agreement 44 

V.  Purchase  of  Ordinary  Book  Material. 46 

VI.  Special  Purchases  „  50 

VII.  Posters,  Proclamations,  and  Orders 54 

VIII.  Newspapers  and  Periodicals 55 

IX.  War  Propaganda 67 

X.  Baltic  States,  Russia,  and  Southeastern  Europe 72 

XI.  The  Stanford  Food  Research  Institute 80 


THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

AT 

STANFORD  UNIVERSITY,  CALIFORNIA 

The  gathering  at  Stanford  University  of  materials  for  a 
special  collection  on  the  Great  War  has  now  been  in  progress 
for  two  years.  Many  letters  have  been  received  from  inter- 
ested scholars,  asking  when  a  catalogue  of  the  collection  may 
be  expected  to  appear.  In  fact,  no  real  catalogue  has  been 
begun  and  the  principal  reason  for  this  is  that  all  the  effort  of 
those  active  in  the  enterprise  has  been  devoted,  and  is  still 
being  devoted,  to  gathering  the  material.  Moreover,  the 
experience  of  those  in  charge  of  other  and  smaller  collections 
in  the  United  States  has  been  that  early  cataloguing  results  in 
disappointment  and  vexation.  The  Great  War  presents  new 
and  unusual  problems  of  classification,  unexpected  types  of 
materials  are  constantly  being  discovered,  difficult  to  fit  into 
any  customary  classification,  and  the  result  of  early  catalogu- 
ing is  confusion. 

Nevertheless,  the  importance  to  scholars  of  the  materials 
already  secured  demands  that  they  be  made  available,  and  that 
some  general  statement  be  issued  in  regard  to  them.  Up  to 
the  present,  also,  no  adequate  report  of  the  work  in  progress 
has  been  made  either  to  the  donor  or  to  the  trustees  of  Stan- 
ford University.  It  is,  therefore,  here  intended  to  combine  a 
report  of  operations  in  the  field  with  a  very  general  analysis 
of  the  collection  as  it  stands,  that  researchers  may  make  use  of 
it,  for  until  now  it  has  been  used  only  by  graduate  students  of 
Stanford  University  and  of  the  University  of  California.  Mean- 
while it  is  to  be  understood  that  the  work  of  collecting  will  go 
on,  as  the  donor  has  himself  stated  it,  "for  the  next  twenty- 
five  years,"  and  in  this  connection  the  hope  is  earnestly  ex- 
pressed that  anyone  who  is  interested  in  the  undertaking  will 


6  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

be  free  to  make  suggestions  as  to  methods,  and  especially  as 
to  types  and  available  sources  of  materials.  The  directors 
feel  most  acutely  their  inexperience  in  this  great  task,  as  vi^ill 
be  evidenced  in  this  report.  A  collection,  in  the  gathering  of 
which  many  agents  have  been  employed,  and  are  still  being 
employed,  in  some  cases  duplicating  each  other's  efforts,  and 
which  in  two.  years'  work  has  grown  to  between  seventy  and 
eighty  thousand  items,  inevitably  contains  considerable  dupli- 
cation in  acquisitions,  and  is  open  to  many  improvements. 
Advice,  criticism,  and  suggestions  will  be  welcomed. 

E.  D.  ADAMS, 
Executive  Head,  History  Department. 

R.  H.  LUTZ, 
Associate  Professor,  Modern  European  History. 

Directors,  Hoover  War  Collection. 


REPORT  AND  ANALYSIS 

By  E.  D.  Adams 

The  California  forty-niner,  en  route  by  sea  to  the  gold 
fields,  had  leisure  to  write  down  the  day-to-day  incidents  of 
his  journey,  and  has  bequeathed  to  history  a  vivid  picture  of 
the  great  American  exodus.  Arrived  in  California,  digging 
feverishly  for  the  precious  metal,  he  kept  few  records  and 
history  gropes  for  sources  descriptive  of  his  first  years  in  a 
new  environment.  This  was  my  experience  in  organizing  the 
Hoover  War  Collection.  On  starting  for  Europe  in  May,  1919. 
the  firm  resolve  was  made  to  keep  a  diary  as  a  record  of  work 
and  of  contacts  in  Paris ;  and  en  route,  even  unto  the  end  of 
the  seventh  day  after  arrival,  that  resolve  was  fulfilled.  There 
the  diary  ended.  The  contacts  were  too  many  and  too  interest- 
ing to  suflfer  interruption  by  recording  them.  The  work  of 
collecting  was  too  engrossing  to  permit  a  day-to-day  resume 
of  its  results.  Yet  a  history  of  the  work  itself  should  somehow 
be  preserved  in  the  collection  and  the  task  which  I  here  attempt 
is  to  combine  such  a  sketch  of  operations  with  a  general  analysis 
of  the  present  content  of  the  collection.  This,  as  will  be  seen, 
is  not  so  illogical  as  might  at  first  glance  appear,  for  problems 
of  collection,  here  discussed  as  they  then  arose,  coincide  largely 
with  the  main  groups  of  materials  actually  secured. 

The  origin  of  the  collection,  so  far  as  it  is  known  to  me, 
resulted  from  a  letter  written  to  Mr.  Herbert  Hoover,  an 
alumnus  and  trustee  of  Stanford  University,  shortly  after  he 
had  organized  the  movement  for  the  relief  of  the  people  of 
Belgium.  In  that  letter  I  urged  the  importance  of  preserving 
records  of  any  and  every  sort  in  this  great  humanitarian 
undertaking,  unique  in  methods  and  purpose  in  the  history  of 
the  world,  and  stated  the  ultimate  value  as  historical  archives 
of  such  records  together  with  the  hope  that  they  might  be 


8  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

deposited  at  Stanford  University.  Mr.  Hoover  had  already- 
adopted  for  his  work  a  very  complete  record  system,  covering 
not  only  all  details  of  the  business  of  Belgian  relief,  but  also 
of  its  government  and  diplomacy,  for  the  Commission  for 
Relief  in  Belgium  was  truly,  as  Sir  Edward  Grey  described  it, 
"a  piratical  state  organized  for  philanthropy.''  Mr.  Hoover, 
therefore,  responded  readily  to  my  suggestion,  and  the 
archives  of  Belgian  relief  constitute  the  first  item  of  importance 
in  our  collection.  The  Rotterdam  files,  in  twenty-six  large 
packing  cases,  have  been  received,  but  these  are  as  yet  unopened 
and  are  not  available  for  study,  nor  will  they  be  until  they  are 
joined  by  the  files  from  the  other  principal  offices  like  London 
and  New  York. 

From  1914,  then,  the  thought  of  an  historical  collection, 
related  to  the  Great  War,  for  Stanford  University  had  been 
in  Mr.  Hoover's  mind  and  occasionally  he  sent  personal  ac- 
counts of  some  especially  interesting  afifair  or  interview ;  but 
the  first  intimation  of  a  larger  plan  came  in  the  form  of  a  cable 
from  Paris,  in  April,  1919,  to  Mrs.  Hoover,  then  at  Stanford 
University,  instructing  her  to  inform  President  Wilbur  and 
myself  that  fifty  thousand  dollars  ($50,000)  was  available  for 
"an  historical  collection  on  the  Great  War,"  if  a  "suitable  com- 
mission" was  at  once  organized  and  sent  to  Paris  to  undertake 
the  work.  A  further  exchange  of  cables  showed  that  Mr. 
Hoover  had  no  definite  plan,  but  was  merely  impressed  with 
the  desirability  of  making  a  collection  and  of  doing  it  at  once, 
leaving  details  to  be  worked  out.  Speed  seemed  to  be  required 
if  Peace  Conference  materials  were  to  be  secured,  and  in  the 
result  Mrs.  Adams  and  I  started  for  Paris  on  May  22.  1919, 
as  a  "suitable  commission,"  leaving  for  later  determination  the 
scope  and  nature  of  the  work  and  its  organization. 

There  was  not  time  to  secure  advice  and  counsel  from 
those  in  the  United  States  qualified  to  give  it.  We  sailed  from 
Halifax  on  June  2  on  the  Acquitania,  still  equipped  as  a  troop 
transport  ship,  arrived  in  Southampton  on  June  8,  proceeded 
to  London,  remaining  three  days  and  then  crossed  to   Paris 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  9 

on  June  11.  In  London  a  conference  with  Mr.  Hubert  Hall, 
of  the  Public  Record  Office,  brought  some  valuable  sug- 
gestions, but  otherwise  no  guiding  advice  was  received.  In 
Paris,  Mr.  Hoover,  intensively  occupied  in  carrying  on  the 
work  of  the  American  Relief  Administration,  in  serving  on  the 
Supreme  Economic  Council,  and  in  occasional  labors  with  the 
Peace  Conference,  could  give  but  little  thought  to  planning 
an  historical  collection.  Indeed,  the  result  of  an  initial  con- 
ference was  merely  to  establish  two  points ;  first,  that  an  his- 
torical collection  was  advisable ;  second,  that  the  money  was 
immediately  available  as  Mr.  Hoover's  personal  gift.  This 
gift  was  to  be  transferred  directly  to  me,  on  demand  from 
time  to  time,  accounts  and  reports  were  to  be  rendered  to  Mr. 
Hoover,  and  the  materials  once  secured  were  to  be  transferred 
to  Stanford  University.  That  arrangement  still  continues, 
though  the  limit  of  fifty  thousand  dollars  has  since  been  re- 
moved by  the  generous  donor. 

My  colleagues  in  the  history  field  can  well  appreciate  the 
joy  of  being  so  well  provided  with  money  to  spend  on  his- 
torical materials,  and  also  the  timidities  of  one  accustomed  to 
fixed  'library  allotments'  limited  to  hundreds,  not  thousands. 
This  detailed  statement  of  the  beginnings  of  the  collection  is 
introduced,  in  part,  as  apology  in  advance  for  mistakes  in  plan 
and  organization  made  by  a  novice  in  the  work  of  collection, 
and  also  for  what  may  appear  to  some,  as  it  certainly  did  to 
the  donor,  as  an  undue  amount  of  begging,  thus  reserving 
expenditures  for  materials  that  could  not  be  secured  by  gift. 
But  my  own  belief  was  then,  and  still  is,  that  Mr.  Hoover's 
work  for  suffering  peoples  rendered  the  use  of  his  name  (at 
that  moment  the  most  applauded  in  Europe)  wholly  justifiable 
in  approaching  delegations  at  the  Peace  Conference,  and  gov- 
ernments generally,  for  assistance  and  for  direct  gifts  to  the 
"Hoover  War  Collection."  It  is  needless  to  expand  upon  the 
fact  that  his  name  has  been  the  one  greatest  asset  in  our 
enterprise. 


I.     D.  P. :  DELEGATION  PROPAGANDA 

Looking  over  the  field  of  work,  it  was  evident  that  the 
immediate  problem  was  not  the  war,  but  the  Peace  Conference, 
then  drawing  toward  a  close.  Paris  was  crowded  with  dele- 
gations, representing  not  merely  nations  having  seats  at  the 
Peace  Conference,  or,  if  not  members,  having  claims  to  pre- 
sent to  that  conference,  but  also  delegations  from  peoples  desir- 
ing to  be  established  as  states  on  the  principle  of  "self-deter- 
mination." In  most  cases  existing  states  were  represented  in 
Paris  both  by  the  customary  diplomatic  officials  and  by  a  "dele- 
gation," but  for  some  of  the  lesser  states  the  two  functions 
were  combined  in  the  hands  of  the  regular  diplomats.  A  visit 
to  the  library  of  the  American  delegation  at  the  Hotel  Crillon 
showed  that  the  great  bulk  of  the  material  gathered  by  Cap- 
tain Gilchrist,  in  charge  of  that  library,  consisted  of  what  was 
called  "delegation  propaganda,"  intended  to  present  claims  and 
influence  decisions.  Captain  Gilchrist  stated  that  many  of  the 
earlier  issues  of  such  propaganda  were  already  very  difficult 
to  obtain,  and  he  generously  oflFered  to  us  such  duplicates  as 
might  come  to  his  shelves.  This  offer  was  accepted,  and 
throughout  the  work  in  Paris  Captain  Gilchrist  showed  himself 
a  very  generous  and  suggestive  counselor. 

But  a  brief  study  of  the  question  of  delegation  propaganda 
revealed  certain  difficulties,  especially  as  to  its  authenticity. 
The  staff  of  the  library  of  the  American  delegation  was  too 
small  to  do  more  than  to  list  and  place  on  the  shelves  whatever 
material  came  to  it.  The  sources  of  material  could  not  be 
investigated,  and  that  this  was  important  became  clear  at  once 
when  a  list  of  materials  from  delegations,  drawn  up  for  me  by 
Captain  Gilchrist,  was  used  in  trying  to  secure  such  materials 
for  our  own  collection.  It  so  happened  that  such  a  list  of 
some  twenty  publications,  supposedly  representing  the  argu- 
ments and  claims  of  the  Zionists,  was  presented  early  in  our 
work  to  Mr.  Felix  Frankfurter.     He  at  once  stated  that  of 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  11 

the  twenty  titles  sixteen  either  openly  or  actually  were  really 
Anti-Zionist.  The  same  condition  was  found  to  exist  for  many 
of  the  delegations  from  the  smaller  central  European  and 
Balkan  States.  The  title  of  a  document,  its  surface  appearance, 
and  even  its  contents,  were  no  guide  as  to  its  real  source  and 
purposes.    Propaganda  had  become  a  very  high  art  at  Paris. 

The  first  problem  then  was  to  secure  authentic  delegation 
propaganda — authentic  in  the  sense  that  it  was  approved  and 
vouched  for  by  the  delegations  themselves.  This  was  accomp- 
lished by  visiting  in  person  each  of  the  delegations  in  Paris, 
explaining  our  purpose,  and  asking  for  a  gift  of  authentic 
propaganda  and  of  claims  presented  to  the  Peace  Conference. 
In  every  case  the  delegation  was  pleased  to  comply,  furnish- 
ing frequently  not  only  the  more  important  publications  and 
documents  directly  stating  the  cause  and  claims  of  its  people, 
but  frequently  gathering  for  us  books,  pamphlets,  and  even 
reviews  and  newspapers,  in  which  were  expressed  views  of 
which  the  delegation  approved,  and  some  of  which  had  been 
inspired  by  it.  For  propaganda  in  Paris  was  used  to  present 
every  possible  aspect  of  a  people's  claims  to  recognition  and 
fair  treatment  by  the  Peace  Conference.  Thus  the  Jugo-Slav 
delegation,  as  it  then  called  itself,  distributed  widely  a  volume 
of  plays,  "The  People  of  the  Universe,"  by  Josif  Kosor,  in 
both  French  and  English  translations,  that  the  artistic  develop- 
ment of  the  Croatian  race  might  be  appreciated.  Some  dele- 
gations even  drew  up  for  us  comprehensive  lists  of  works 
which  they  could  not  themselves  furnish,  but  which  we  were 
advised  to  purchase,  as  desirable  for  an  historical  understand- 
ing of  the  development,  culture,  and  attainments  of  their 
people. 

The  work  with  the  delegations,  especially  with  those  of  the 
lesser  peoples,  was  most  interesting.  I  believe  I  was  the  only 
unattached  American  professor  of  history,  then  in  Paris,  not 
engaged  in  making  history  as  an  agent  of  the  Peace  Confer- 
ence. It  was  possible  to  go  anywhere,  do  anything,  ask  any 
question  I  wished  and,  not  being  restricted  by  any  sense  of 


12  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

official  responsibility,  it  was  possible  to  make  some  unusual 
contacts,  and  to  receive  some  unusual  confidences.  These,  how- 
ever, are  not  appropriate  to  this  report,  but  the  result  was  for 
the  collection  that  now  and  then  confidential  documents  were 
given  which  were  really  propaganda,  but  not  to  be  acknowledged 
as  such  until  the  peace  treaty  was  signed.  Such  documents 
were  carefully  marked  as  of  the  type  indicated  and  now  form 
part  of  our  classified  propaganda  material.  If  it  had  been  pos- 
sible to  be  absolutely  sure  of  that  which  one  could  only  guess 
at  with  practical  assurance,  I  would  have  gone  further  and 
would  have  attempted  to  classify  minor  state  propaganda  by 
the  sources  of  support — that  is  by  the  major  country  which 
was  paying  the  bills,  both  for  publications  and  for  delegation 
expenses.  Why,  for  example,  should  the  delegation  of  Assyria- 
Chaldea  be  domiciled  at  an  expensive  hotel,  be  equipped  with 
a  staff  and  an  interpreter,  while  the  sole  and  lonely  repre- 
sentative of  the  rival  delegation  of  Assyria-Nestor  of  the 
Caucasus  living  in  the  attic  of  a  ramshackle  house  far  out 
in  the  suburbs,  be  prevented  from  leaving  his  hotel  by  a 
landlord  who  wished  at  least  one  installment  on  his  bill  ?  This 
delegation  of  one  was  eager  to  present  his  case  to  us  but  found 
difficulties,  since  he  informed  us  in  a  few  words  of  halting 
French  that  he  spoke  no  languages  except  "Russe,  Arabique, 
Syrian,  Armenian,  Turque."  It  seemed  a  justifiable  use  of 
our  resources  to  make  the  needed  arrangements  whereby  the 
delegation  could  come  to  our  office  with  an  interpreter  and 
documents  properly  typed  and  organized.  Rumor  had  it  that 
Assyria-Chaldea  of  the  expensive  hotel  had  the  backing  of 
France,  and  Assyria-Nestor  had  even  become  suspicious  of  his 
landlord  as  probably  an  official  of  the  French  foreign  office  in 
disguise. 

Montenegro  still  maintained  her  royal  consulate  in  Paris 
and  issued  propaganda,  though  her  territory  and  peoples  were 
being  represented  by  the  Serbs  who  claimed  enthusiastic 
popular  Montenegrin  support  for  Jugo-Slavia.  Italian  money 
was  supposed  to  be  back  of  Montenegro. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  13 

Korea  was  thought  to  be  financed  at  Paris  by  China,  though 
the  presence  of  the  first  Korean  delegate  was  due,  according  to 
his  own  story,  to  the  sympathetic  home  rule  ideas  of  an  Irish 
sea  captain,  who  bluffed  Japanese  officials  in  a  Japanese  port 
out  of  searching  his  vessel.  Rumor  was  no  good  ground,  how- 
ever, for  classifying  minor  peoples'  propaganda  under  major 
powers.  It  was  a  relief  to  find,  occasionally,  a  delegation 
like  that  of  the  Carpatho-Russians  which  quite  certainly  was 
not  indebted  to  a  major  power.  This  delegation  desired  the 
ultimate  restoration  to  Russia  of  its  people  of  Eastern  Galicia, 
but  recognizing  this  as  not  immediately  attainable,  asked  inde- 
pendence on  the  usual  claim  of  "self-determination,"  especi- 
ally protesting  against  incorporation  in  Poland — their  final 
fate  by  the  peace  terms.  The  members  of  the  delegation  were 
long-time  residents  of  America,  representing  about  one 
hundred  thousand  coal  miners  of  western  Pennsylvania,  and 
supported  by  voluntary  contributions  from  this^  group  of  Amer- 
ican workers,  stirred  to  nationalistic  sentiment  by  the  most 
understandable,  to  European  peoples,  of  President  Wilson's 
fourteen  points.  Everywhere,  with  the  lesser  peoples'  delega- 
tions, there  was  enthusiasm  for  self-determination,  and  desire 
for  a  protecting  American  mandate,  as  the  only  one  which 
was  above  suspicion. 

The  first  work  at  Paris,  then,  was  the  collection  of  dele- 
gation propaganda,  making  sure  whether  it  was  authorized  or 
not,  classifying  it  as  authentic,  or  as  miscellaneous,  and  mark- 
ing each  item  of  the  authentic  in  such  a  way  as  to  indicate  its 
direct  source.  Much  miscellaneous  Peace  Conference  propa- 
ganda material  was  secured  also,  but  it  is  organized  in  our 
collection  as  such,  for  the  very  fact  that  Paris  was  full  of 
propaganda  of  which  no  one  would  acknowledge  the  paternity, 
made  us  especially  wary.  In  this  report  no  list  of  miscellane- 
ous propaganda  is  given.  This  may  wait  for  the  final  cata- 
loguing process.  The  primary  value  of  the  Hoover  War  Col- 
lection of  delegation  propaganda  is  not  its  size,  but  rather  that 
it  is,  we  believe,  the  only  one  in  existence,  collected  and  organ- 


14  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

ized  on  the  plan  of  knowing  what  was  indubitably  authentic. 
In  the  following  list  of  delegations  from  whom  authentic 
propaganda  was  secured,  it  will  be  noted  that  a  few  larger, 
and  several  lesser,  states  are  missing.  These  issued,  or  at 
least  acknowledged  no  peace  conference  propaganda.  Their 
"war  time"  propaganda  is  another  matter  and  will  be  discussed 
later  in  this  report,  as  will  the  securing  of  propaganda  from 
the  principal  enemy  powers. 

The  list  which  follows  shows  the  authentic  peace  confer- 
ence propaganda  in  the  Hoover  War  Collection,  organized  by 
the  fifty-four  delegations  from  which  it  was  secured,  and 
with  the  number  of  separate  items  from  each  delegation.  An 
item  may  be  a  single  leaflet,  a  book,  or  a  file  of  a  journal  or 
review,  or  an  ofiicial  representation  to  the  Peace  Conference. 
Regarding  each  title  as  an  item,  even  if  it  represents  a  file 
of  a  journal,  the  total  of  items  of  authentic  propaganda  is 
1298,  while  unidentified  or  miscellaneous  propaganda  amounts 
to  about  645  titles. 

Authentic  Delegation  Propaganda  at  the 
Peace;  Conference 

Albania 6  Egypt   12 

Arabia 1  Esthonia  17 

Argentina    1  Euxine  Pontus 6 

Armenia 55  Finland  18 

Assyria-Chaldea    1  Fiume  2 

Assyria-Nestor  of  the  Cauca-  France 132 

sus  3  Georgia    10 

Azerbaidjan   1  Germans  in  Austria  25 

Bessarabia    3  Germany 67 

Bolivia   1  Greece  65 

Bulgaria    70  Holland  2 

Carpatho-Russians  19  Hungary   27 

Chile  21  Italy    63 

China 12  Japan    14 

Circassia-Daghestan  13  iews 3 

Costa  Rica 6  Korea  7 

Czecho-Slovakia   29  Kurd 1 

Denmark  13  Latvia  6 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 


15 


Liban 6 

Lithuania  23 

Luxembourg  1 

Macedo-Roumains  2 

Montenegro 33 

Norway 2 

Panama. 1 

Persia 8 

Peru 6 

Poland 74 


Portugal 9 

Rumania 42 

Russia ^ 42 

Sweden _ 10 

Syria 12 

Turkey 1 

Ukraine ^ _.  34 

Yougoslavia 228 

Zionist 33 


Note. — The  above  list  does  not  include  delegation  material  received 
at  Stanford  University  since  the  Peace  Conference. 


II.     S.  p.:  SOCIETY  PUBLICATIONS, 

During  the  Period  of  the  War  and  of  the 

Peace  Conference,  1914-1919. 

Before  starting  to  Paris,  in  discussing  the  possibilities  of 
the  collection  with  Librarian  G.  T.  Clark  of  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, the  suggestion  was  made  that  in  addition  to  the  pur- 
chase of  ordinary  books  and  works,  a  special  effort  might  be 
made  to  secure  pamphlets,  ordinarily  difficult  to  trace  and  to 
secure  through  the  regular  book  trade.  The  thought  here  was 
to  collect  material  similar  to  that  on  the  French  Revolution  at 
Cornell  University,  or  to  the  special  Jarboe  Collection  at  Stan- 
ford, of  pamphlets  relating  to  Marie  Antoinette.  Arrived  in 
Paris  this  field  was  investigated  only  to  discover  that  "pam- 
phleteering" in  its  former  usage  no  longer  existed  in  any  large 
degree.  Everyone  who  has  wandered  the  streets  of  Paris  will 
recall,  however,  that  one  of  the  customary  sights  is  that  of  a 
knot  of  readers  gathered  opposite  some  wall  on  which  a  poster 
has  been  put  up,  and  if  he  has  examined  these  posters,  will 
have  discovered  that  they  are  screeds  upon  some  vital  topic 
of  the  day.  They  are  occasionally  the  product  of  individual 
effort,  and  are  the  modern  French  development  of  individual 
pamphleteering.  More  often  they  are  put  up  by  some  society, 
thus  representing  the  pamphleteering  effort  of  a  group  of 
people  who  have  united  for  a  special  object.  It  was  Mr, 
Robert  C.  Binkley,  a  Stanford  student  but  recently  demobilized 
after  two  years'  army  service  in  France  and  now  attached  to 
our  work  in  Paris  as  interpreter,  who,  being  much  interested 
in  these  posters,  first  suggested  that  the  society  publications  of 
France  for  the  period  of  the  war  would  be  worth  getting. 

Consideration  of  this  suggestion  led  to  the  conviction  that 
here  indeed  was  the  modern  equivalent  of  pamphleteering. 
A  man  no  longer  publishes  quite  independently  his  own  ideas  on 
questions  of  national  interest.  He  joins  a  group,  or  society, 
of   like-minded   persons,    unites   with   others   in   putting   out 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  17 

arguments  in  the  form  of  reports,  journals,  books,  and  pam- 
phlets, and  in  France,  of  posters.  If  he  undertakes  author- 
ship his  work  appears  under  the  auspices  of  the  society.  Here 
then  was  an  apparently  unworked  field  of  materials  certain  to 
be  most  valuable  to  the  historian  who  wished  to  understand 
the  ideals  and  purposes  of  the  peoples  at  war,  and  it  was 
determined  to  gather  as  complete  as  possible  a  file,  from  each 
leading  society  of  Paris,  of  all  its  publications  of  whatever 
nature  during  the  period  of  the  war.  If  this  proved  success- 
ful, the  plan  would  be  extended  to  other  countries. 

I  have  written  "apparently  unworked  field,"  for  in  fact  it 
was  discovered  later  that  the  great  Musee  de  la  Guerre,  in 
Paris,  had  undertaken  the  same  work  and  for  the  same  reason, 
and  that  for  societies  directly  active  in  war  work  a  collection 
had  been  made  by  the  British  Imperial  War  Museum.  Indeed, 
for  French  societies  our  final  comprehensive  lists  and  addresses 
were  largely  secured  through  the  courtesy  of  the  Musee  de  la 
Guerre.  Mr.  Binkley  was  given  special  charge  of  this  work 
with  the  societies,  with  instruction  to  secure  files  beginning 
with  1914,  that  by  having  publications  antedating  the  outbreak 
of  war,  the  student  might  determine  the  effect  of  the  war  on 
society  activities  and  purposes.  As  the  material  came  in, 
nearly  all  of  it  by  gift,  it  proved  to  be  of  the  very  widest 
variety  and  of  exceedingly  great  interest.  I  am  convinced  that 
the  historian  of  the  Great  War  will  never  adequately  represent 
its  effect  upon  the  people  of  a  country  until  he  has  examined 
and  digested  the  society  publications  of  the  period.  It  is 
material,  also,  which  furnishes  excellent  opportunity  for  grad- 
uate student  research  and  theses  on  special  topics,  or  on  special 
groups  of  interests  as  represented  by  several  societies,  or  for 
a  comparison  of  nationalistic  tendencies  by  comparison  of 
similar  societies  in  various  countries.  All  in  all  this  society 
publication  material  has  assumed  a  constantly  increasing  im- 
portance in  our  eyes,  and  our  efforts  are  continuous  in  secur- 
ing it.  At  first  it  was  intended  to  secure  only  the  larger  and 
more  important  societies,  but  later  we  collected  everything, — 


18  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

from  societies  whose  publications  are  so  extensive  as  to  be 
regular  journals  down  to  societies  that  published  only  leaf- 
lets, or  sometimes  only  mimeographed  articles  clandestinely 
distributed.  It  was  an  interesting  fact  that  once  our  purpose 
was  noised  about,  societies  we  had  never  heard  of  brought 
their  publications  to  us.  I  was  myself  'held  up'  once  in  London, 
just  off  Piccadilly  Circus,  and  hurriedly  handed,  by  an  unknown 
person,  a  very  rare  file  of  a  society  suppressed  by  the  authori- 
ties during  the  war. 

Naturally  the  historical  value  of  one  society's  publications 
may  be  much  greater  than  that  of  another,  but  mere  amount 
of  annual  publication  is  no  guide  to  determining  relative  merit. 
In  all  countries  there  are  long  established  societies  whose 
annual  publications  are  voluminous,  but  which  have  little  im- 
portance since  the  society  itself  is  but  a  "dead  hand"  continua- 
tion of  some  earlier  vigorous  organization.  A  new,  poorly 
financed  but  vigorous  society  may  be  of  much  greater  war  his- 
torical value.  Whatever  the  type  they  were  all  gathered  in, 
provided  they  were  not  of  a  purely  scientific  nature.  The 
test  of  inclusion  was  merely  that  a  society  was  organized  and 
worked,  if  ever  so  remotely,  for  some  existing  or  desired 
status  of  society,  in  any  of  its  manifestations.  Occasionally 
it  was  felt  that  certain  societies  were  really  but  performing  a 
governmental  function  in  devoting  themselves  to  the  issue  of 
what  was  in  fact  national  war-  or  peace-time  propaganda. 
For  example,  the  twenty-nine  filled  pamphlet  boxes  in  the 
Hoover  War  Collection,  which  contain  the  gifts  of  the  Comite 
Catholique  de  Propagande  Frangaise  a  I'Etranger,  represent, 
in  the  main,  a  special  feature  of  French  governmental  war 
propaganda,  yet,  being  intrusted  to  a  selected  Catholic  society 
founded  for  the  purpose,  it  has  seemed  preferable  to  list  such 
material  under  S.  P. — Society  Publications. 

In  Paris  the  work  of  gathering  this  type  of  material  was 
carried  on  by  Mr.  Binkley  and  by  personal  visits  and  explana- 
tions of  our  needs.  In  England  Mr.  Binkley  visited  the  lead- 
ing London  men's  societies,  while  Mrs.  Adams  secured  the 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  19 

women's  societies.  Everywhere  the  personal  explanation  was 
preferable  to  the  written  request,  for  the  secretaries  of  many 
societies  failed  to  grasp  our  purpose  and  were  inclined  to 
accede  to  the  request  by  merely  handing  over  a  few  samples 
of  literature.  By  persistence  we  secured  files  in  most  cases 
for  the  years  1914-1919,  inclusive.  For  the  British  societies 
outside  of  London,  for  the  continuation  of  the  work  in  France, 
and  for  the  United  States,  correspondence  has  been  used,  and 
while  less  effective  than  the  personal  visit,  is  yelding  fair 
results.  Agents  are  now  at  work  on  this  type  of  material  in 
Belgium  and  in  Germany,  and  will  be  appointed  in  other 
countries.  But  the  only  countries  whose  societies  are  as  yet 
at  all  adequately  represented  in  the  Hoover  War  Collection 
are  France,  Great  Britain,  and  the  United  States,  and  the  lists 
for  these  alone  are  given  in  this  report.  No  exact  count  of 
titles  for  this  part  of  the  collection  has  been  made,  but  roughly 
it  may  be  estimated  at  about  eleven  thousand  items.  The 
materials,  unless  presented  in  bound  form  by  the  societies,  have 
been  placed  in  pamphlet  boxes,  shelved  by  countries,  and  alpha- 
betically arranged  by  the  name  of  the  society,  and  a  rough 
working  card  catalogue  of  these  has  been  made  for  the  use  of 
research  students. 

List  of   Societies   From    Which    Files   of   Publications 
During  the  War  Have  Been  Received  by  the 
Hoover  War  Collection.     (March  22,  1921.) 

A.      FRANCE 
Academic  Frangaise. 
Action  des  Femmes. 
Action  Sociale  de  la  Femme, 
Alliance  d'Education  Sociale  et  Civique. 
Alliance  Franqaise. 

Alliance  Nationale  pour  I'Accroissement  de  la  Population  Frangaise. 
Alliance  Republicaine  Democratique. 
Alliance  Universitaire. 

Association  Catholique  Internationale  des  Oeuvres  de  Protection  de  la 
Jeune  Fille. 


20  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Association  Centrale  pour  la  Reprise  de  I'Activite  Industrielle  dans  les 

Regions  Envahies. 
Association  de  la  Paix  par  le  Droit. 
Association  du  Livre  Franqais. 

Association  Frangaise  pour  la  Societe  des  Nations. 
Association  Franco-Norvegienne.     (Fransk-Norsk  Forening.) 
Association  Italo-Franqaise  d'Expansion  Economique. 
Association  Nationale  pour  la  Defense  des  Idees  Frangaises  a  I'Etranger. 
Association    Nationale   pour   I'Expansion    Morale   et   Materielle   de   la 

France. 
Association  Nationale  des  Porteurs  Frangais  des  Valeurs  Mobiliers. 
Association  Nationale  d'Expansion  Economique. 
Association  pour  la  Defense  des  Interets  Frangais  en  Pays  Ennemis  ou 

Envahis. 
L'Avenir. 

Bureau  Catholique  de  la  Presse. 
Camarades  de  Combat. 

Cercle  Commercial  et  Industriel  de  France. 
Chambre  de  Commerce  Russo-Frangaise. 
Comite  Catholique  de  Propaganda  Frangaise  a  I'Etranger. 
Comite  Central  des  Ligues  de  Families  Nombreuses. 
Comite  Central  des  Refugies  du  Pas-de-Calais. 
Comite  Confederal  Frangais  du  Travail  Chretien. 
Comite  d'Action  Franco-Musulman  de  I'Afrique  du  Nord. 
Comite  de  I'Afrique  Frangaise. 
Comite  de  I'Asie  Frangaise. 
Comite  de  I'Oceanie  Frangaise. 

Comite  de  Publication  de  Lettres  a  Tous  les  Frangais. 
Comite  des  Amities  Catholiques  Frangaises. 
Comite  d'Etude  et  de  Propagande  pour  I'Etat-Pax. 
Comite  d'Etudes  ct  Documents  sur  la  Guerre. 

Comite  d'Initiative  pour  Preparer  les  Moyens  de  Liquider  les  Charges 
de  la  Guerre  sans  Impots  ni  Emprunts  avec  la  Paix  Durable. 

Comite  Feminin  Frangais  du  Travail. 

Comite  Franco-Amerique. 

Comite  Franco-Britannique. 

Comite  Libanais  de  Paris. 

Comite  National  d'Action  pour  la  Reparation  Integrale  des  Dommages 
causes  par  la  Guerre. 

Comite  National  d'Etudes  Sociales  et  Politiques. 

Comite  Protestant  Frangais. 

Conciliation  Internationale. 

Confederation  Generale  du  Travail. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  21 

Confederation  Nationale  de  la  Production. 

Confederation  Nationale  du  Travail. 

La  Conference  au  Village. 

Conseil  National  des  Femmes  Franqaises. 

Croix  Rouge,  Frangaise.     (Societe  Frangaise  dc  Secours  aux  Blesses 

Militaires.) 
Dotation  Carnegie  pour  la  Paix  Internationale. 
L'Europe  Orientale. 

federation  Frangaise  des  Syndicats  d'Employes  Catholiques. 
Federation  Frangaise  des  Unions  des  Syndicats  Professionels  Feniinins. 
Federation  Internationale  des  Ligues  Catholiques  Feminines. 
France-Hollande  (Association). 

Groupement  Intersyndical  pour  I'Etude  des  Conditions  de  la  Paix. 
Interallied  Union. 
Ligue  Anti-Austro-Allemandc. 
Ligue  Civique. 
Ligue  Coloniale  Frangaise. 

Ligue  de  Defense  Nationale  contre  la  Franc-Maconnerie. 
Ligue  de  1' Action  Frangaise. 
Ligue  de  la  Jeune  Republique. 

Ligue  de  Representation   Professionelle  et  d'Action   Regionaliste. 
Ligue  des  Droits  de  rHomme. 
Ligue  du  Libre  Echange. 
Ligue  d'Union   Sociale  et   Federation   des   Societes   Nouvelles.    (Unite 

Frangais.) 
Ligue  Frangaise. 

Ligue  Frangaise  pour  le  Droit  des  Femmes. 
Ligue  Maritime  Frangaise. 
Ligue  Nationale  contre  I'Alcoolisme. 

Ligue  Nationale  des  Revindications  Frangaises  en  Russie. 
Ligue  Nationale  Frangaise. 
Ligue  Nationale  Populaire  de  1' Aviation. 
Ligue  Navale  Frangaise. 
Ligue  Patriotique  des  Frangaises. 
Ligue  pour  le  Relevement  de  la  Natalite  Frangaise  et  la  Defense  des 

Families  Nombreuses. 
Ligue  pour  une  Societe  des  Nations  Basee  sur  une  Constitution  Inter- 
nationale. 
Ligue  Republicaine  de  Defense  Nationale.     (Droit  et  Liberte.) 
Office  Frangais  des  Interets  Feminins. 
Ohabe  Sion. 

Parti  de  la  Democratie  Nouvelle. 
Parti  Republicain-Radical  et  Radical-Socialiste. 


22  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Petit  Patriote. 

La  Plus  Grande  Famille. 

Presse-Associee. 

Progres  Civique. 

Publicite  Catholique. 

Quatrieme    Republique.      (Parti    Republicain    de    Reorganisation    Na- 

tionale. 
Roumanian  Association  for  the  Society  of  Nations. 
Societe  Centrale  de  Protestation  contre  la  Licence  des  Rues. 
Societe  d'Encouragement  pour  I'lndustrie  Nationale. 
Societe  des  Amis  de  I'Espagne. 
Societe  Nouvelle  de  la  Publicite. 

Societe  pour  la  Defense  et  I'lllustration  de  I'Art  Franqais. 
Syndicat  des  Employes  du  Commerce  et  dc  I'lndustrie. 
Syndicat  des  Mecaniciens,  Chaudronniers  et  Fondeurs  de  France. 
Tribune  Juive. 

Union  des  Frangaises  contre  I'Alcool. 
Union    des    Grandes    Associations    Frangaises    contre    la    Propaganda 

Ennemi. 
Union  des  Peres  et  Meres  dont  les  Fils  sont  Morts  pour  la  Patrie. 
Union  Federale  des  Travailleurs  Anti-Revolutionnaires  de  France. 
Union  Franqaise  d'Acheteuses. 
Union  Fran(;aise  pour  la  Suffrage  des  Femmes. 
Union  Fraternelle  des  Blesses  de  la  Grande  Guerre. 
Union  Mutuelle  Centrale  des  Victimes  des  Dommages  Causes  par  la 

Guerre. 
Union  Nationale  Republicaine. 
Vielle  France,  La. 

B.      GREAT  BRITAIN 
Admiralty  and  Outposts  Clerical  Federation. 
Aegean  Islands  Committee. 
African  Society. 

Agricultural  Organization  Society. 
All-India  Moslem  League. 

Amalgamated  Union  of  Cooperative  and  Commercial  Employees. 
American  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
Anglo-American  Society. 
Anglo-Hellenic  League. 
Anglo-Spanish  Society. 
Anti-Socialist  Union. 

Associated  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
Association  for  Moral  and  Social  Hygiene. 
Association  of  Conservative  Clubs. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  23 

Association  of  Municipal  Corporations. 
Boy  Scouts. 

Bread  and  Food  Reform  League. 
Brewers'  Society. 

ribery  and  Secret  Commissions  Prevention  League. 

ritain  and  India. 
British  and  Foreign  School  Society. 
British  and  Foreign  Unitarian  Association. 
British  Association  for  Labor  Legislation. 
British  Commonwealth  Union. 
British  Cotton  Growing  Association. 
British  Empire  Producers'  Organization. 
British  Empire  Union. 
British  Italian  League. 

British  Latin-American  Chamber  of  Commerce 
British  Palestine  Committee. 
British  Red  Crescent  Society. 
British  Red  Cross. 
British  Russia  Club. 
British  Temperance  League. 
British  Union  for  Abolition  of  Vivisection. 
British  Women's  Emigration  Association. 
British  Workers'  League. 
Britons,  The. 

Catholic  Emigration  Society. 
Catholic  Social  Guild. 
Catholic  Truth  Society. 
Catholic  Women's  League. 

Central  and  Associated  Chambers  of  Agriculture. 
Central  Bureau  for  the  Employment  of  Women. 
Central  Church  Committee  for  Defense  and  Instruction. 
Central  Committee  for  National  Patriotic  Organizations. 
Central  Emigration  Board. 
Ceylon  Association  in  London. 
Chambre  de  Commerce  Frangaise  de  Londres. 
Charity  Organization  Society. 
Cheltenham  Ladies'  College  Guild  Settlement. 
Church  Army. 
Church  Emigration  Society. 
Church  of  England  Temperance  Society. 
Civil  Service  Union. 
Cobden  Club. 
Colonial  Intelligence  League. 


24  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Committee  on  War  Damage. 

Commonwealth  League. 

Comrades  of  the  Great  War. 

Cooperative  Union. 

Council  for  the  Study  of  International  Relations. 

Council  of  Action. 

Council  of  Loyal  British  Subjects  of  German,  Austrian,  and  Hungarian 

Birth. 
County  Councils'  Association. 

Dock,  Wharf,  Riverside  and  General  Workers'  Union. 
Duty  and  Discipline  Movement. 
East  India  Association. 
Empire  Parliamentary  Association. 
Employers'  Parliamentary  Council. 
English  Language  Union. 

English  League  for  the  Taxation  of  Land  Values. 
English  Zionist  Federation. 
Entente  Cordiale  Society. 
Fabian  Society. 
Farmers'  Club. 
Fawcett  Association. 
Federation  of  British  Industries. 
Federation   of    Engineering   and    Shipbuilding    Trades    of    the    United 

Kingdom. 
Federation  of  University  Women. 
Fight  the  Famine  Council. 
Food  Education  Society. 
Free  Trade  Union. 
Friends  of  Armenia. 
Friends  of  Russian  Freedom. 
Garton  Foundation. 
General  Federation  of  Trade  Unions. 
Girl  Guides,  The. 
Girls'  Friendly  Society. 
Grotius  Society. 

Highland  and  Agricultural  Society  of  Scotland. 
Home  Rule  for  India  League. 
Homeless  Children's  Aid  and  Adoption  Society. 
Howard  Association. 
Imperial  Commercial  Association. 
Imperial  Institute. 
Imperial  Maritime  League. 
Imperial  Patriots. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  25 

Imperial  Sunday  Alliance. 

Income  Tax  Protection  and  Relief  Society. 

Income  Tax  Reform  League. 

Independent  Labour  Party. 

Independent  Labour  Party,  Information  Committee. 

Indian  National  Congress. 

Indo-British  Association. 

Industrial  League  and  Council. 

Industrial  Reconstruction  League. 

Institute  of  Bankers. 

International  Association  for  Labour  Legislation. 

International  Federation  for  the  Abolition  of  State  Regulation  of  Vice, 

International  Federation  of  Master  Cotton  Spinners  and  Manufacturers' 

Association. 
International  Law  Association. 
Irish  Press  Agency. 
Irish  Unionist  Alliance. 
Junior  Imperial  League. 
Labour  Co-Partnership  Association. 
Labour  Party. 

Labour  Research  Department. 
Land  Nationalization  Society. 
Land  Union. 
League  of  the  Empire. 
Liberty  and  Property  Defense  League. 
Life  and  Liberty  Movement. 
London  and  River  Plate  Bank. 
London  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
London  Municipal  Society. 
London  Muslim  League. 
London  Reform  Union. 
London  School  of  Economics. 
London  Society. 

London  Society  for  Women's  Suffrage. 
London  Trades  Council. 
Malthusian  League. 
Manchester  Land  Values  League. 
Manchester  Statistical  Society. 
Manufacturing  Confectioners'  Alliance. 
Master  Cotton  Spinners'  and  Manufacturers'  Association. 
Middle  Classes  Union. 
Miners'  Federation  of  Great  Britain. 
National  Alliance  of  Employers  and  Employed. 


26  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

National  Anti-Sweating  League. 

National  Anti- Vaccination  League. 

National  Association  of  Food  Manufacturers. 

National  British  Women's  Temperance  Association. 

National  Church  League. 

National  Council  for  Civil  Liberties. 

National  Council  for  the  Unmarried  Mother  and  Her  Child. 

National  Council  of  Women  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

National  Currency  League. 

National  Democratic  and  Labour  Party. 

National  Education  Association. 

National  Farmers'  Union. 

National  Federation  of  Discharged  and  Demobilized   Soldiers   and 

Sailors. 
National  Federation  of  General  Workers. 
National  Federation  of  Women  Workers. 
National  Food  Reform  Association. 
National  Free  Labour  Association. 
National  Guilds  League. 

National  Housing  and  Town  Planning  Council. 
National  Indian  Association. 
National  Land  and  Home  League. 
National  Liberal  Party. 
National  Organization  of  Girls'  Clubs. 
National  Party. 
National  Political  League. 

National  Protestant  League  of  Church  Associations. 
National  Safety  Movement. 
National  Socialist  Party. 
National  Temperance  League. 
National  Trade  Defense  Association. 
National  Transport  Workers'  Federation. 
National  Union  of  Allotment  Holders. 
National  Union  of  Clerks. 

National  Union  of  Distributive  and  Allied  Workers 
National  Union  of  Railwaymcn. 
National  Union  of  Societies  for  Equal  Citizenship. 
National  Union  of  Teachers. 
National  Union  of  Women's  Suffrage  Societies. 
National  Union  of  Women  Workers. 

National  Unionist  Association  of  Conservative  and  Liberal  Clubs. 
Navy  League. 
No-Conscription  Fellowship. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  27 

Northbrook  Society. 

Norwegian  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Nouvelle  Societe  Helvetique. 

One  Flag  League. 

Organizer,  The. 

Over-Seas  Club  and  Patriotic  League. 

Patriotic  League  of  Britons  Overseas. 

Peace  Negotiations  Committee. 

Peace  Society  (International). 

Personal  Rights  Association. 

Polish  Information  Committee. 

Polish  Press  Bureau. 

Primrose  League. 

Property  Protection  Society. 

Proportional  Representation  Society. 

Protestant  Alliance. 

Protestant  Truth  Society. 

Reconstruction  Society. 

Remembrance  League. 

Royal  Agricultural  Society. 

Royal  Army  Temperance  Association. 

Royal  Colonial  Institute. 

Royal  Geographical  Society. 

Royal  Institute  of  Public  Health. 

Royal  Society  of  St.  George. 

Royal  United  Service  Institution. 

Rural  Housing  League. 

Rural  League. 

Ruskin  College. 

Russia  Society. 

Russian  Liberation  Committee. 

Russian  Refugees'  Relief  Association. 

Sailors'  and  Firemen's  Union. 

Saint  Marylebone  Female  Protection  Society. 

Salvation  Army, 

Salvation  Army,  Emigration  Committee. 

Save  the  Children  Fund. 

Serbian  Society. 

Society  for  Befriending  the  Unmarried  Mother  and  Her  Child. 

Society  for  the  Overseas  Settlement  of  British  Women. 

Society  for  the  Promoting  of  Christian  Knowledge. 

Society  for  Promoting  the  Employment  of  Women. 

Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts. 


28  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Society  of  Comparative  Legislation. 

Society  of  Friends. 

Society  of  Friends,  Emergency  Committee  for  the  Assistance  of  Enemy 

Aliens  in  Distress. 
Society  of  Friends,  Service  Committee. 
Society  of  Friends,  Tract  Association. 

Society  of  Friends,  War  Victims'  Relief  Committee.     (Friends'  Emer- 
gency Committee.) 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Families'  Association. 
South  African  Colonization  Society. 
South  African  Native  Deputation. 
State  Children's  Association. 
Sulgrave  Institute. 
Surveyors'  Institution. 
Swiss  Institute. 
Tariff  Commission. 
Tariff  Reform  League. 
Temperance  Legislation  League. 
Trades  Union  Congress. 
True  Temperance  Association. 
Ulster  Unionist  Council. 
LTnion  of  Democratic  Control. 
Union  of  Jewish  Women. 
Union  of  Russian  Zemstvos  and  Towns. 
United  Committee  for  the  Taxation  of  Land  Values. 
United  Irish  League  of  Great  Britain. 

United  Kingdom  Alliance. 

United  Russian  Societies'  Association. 

Universities'  Mission  to  Central  Africa. 

Vacant  Land  Cultivation  Society. 

Victoria  League. 

War  Emergency  Committee. 

War  Rents  League. 

West  Indian  Contingent  Committee. 

White  Cross  League. 

Women's  Cooperative  Guild. 

Women's  Farm  and  Garden  Union. 

Women's  Industrial  Council. 

Women's  Industrial  League. 

Women's  Institute. 

Women's  International  League. 

Women's  Local  Government  Society. 

Women's  National  Land  Service  Corps. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  29 

Women  Patrols  Committee. 
Women's  Trade  Union  League. 
Workers'  Educational  Association. 
World  Alliance  of  Churches. 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
Zionist  Organization. 

C.       UNITED  STATES 
American  Ambulance  Hospital  Fund. 
American  Association  for  International  Conciliation. 
American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation. 

American  Association  to  Promote  the  Teaching  of  Speech  to  the  Deaf. 
American  Civil  Liberties  Union. 
American  Committee  of  Justice. 
American  Constitutional  League  of  Wisconsin. 
American  Defense  Society. 
American  Exchange  National  Bank. 
American  Expeditionary  Forces. 
American  Federation  of  Labor. 
American  Friends  of  German  Democracy. 
American  Friends'  Service  Committee. 
Alexander  Hamilton  Institute. 
American-Hellenic  Society. 
American  Jewish  Committee. 
American  Legion. 
American  Library  Association. 
American  National  Red  Cross. 
American  Peace  Society. 

American  Proportional  Representation  League. 
American   Red  Cross  Commission  to  Western   Russia  and   the   Baltic 

States. 
American  Relief  Administration  (European  Children's  Fund). 
American-Roumanian  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
American-Russian  Chamber  of  Commerce. 
American  School  Citizenship  League. 
American  School  Peace  League. 
American  Social  Hygiene  Association. 
American  Social  Science  Association. 
American  Tract  Society. 
American  Union  Against  Militarism. 
American  Welfare  Association  for  German  Children. 
Association  Canado-Americane. 
Association  To  Abolish  War. 
Babson  Statistical  Organization. 


30  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Boy  Scouts  of  America. 

Bricklayers,  Masons,  and  Plasterers  International  Union. 

California  Farmers'  Cooperative  Association. 

California  Feed  Stuffs  Committee. 

Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace. 

Carpatho-Russian  Supreme  Committee. 

Chase  National  Bank. 

Chinese  National  Welfare  Society  in  America. 

Church  Peace  Union. 

Committee  of  American  Business  Men. 

Committee  of  the  Friends  of  Greece. 

Commonwealth  Club  of  California. 

Congregational  Church  Building  Society. 

Congregational  Home  Missionary  Society. 

Czecho-Slovak  National  Alliance  of  America. 

Detroit  Board  of  Commerce. 

Deutschen  Sprachgruppe  der  Socialist  Party  of  the  United  States. 

Equitable  Trust  Company  of  New  York. 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America. 

Federation  of  American  Zionists. 

Free  Speech  League. 

Friends  Book  and  Tract  Committee. 

Friends  of  Freedom  for  India. 

Friends  of  Irish  Freedom. 

Friends  of  Roumania. 

Friends  of  Ukraine. 

Guaranty  Trust  Company. 

Hebrew  Sheltering  and  Immigrant  Aid  Society. 

Hindustan  Gadar  Party. 

Home  Missions  Council. 

Hungarian-American  Federation. 

Institute  for  Public  Service. 

Intercollegiate  Prohibition  Association. 

Intercollegiate  Socialist  Society. 

International  Order  of  Kings'  Daughters  and  Sons. 

Inter-Racial  Council. 

International  Reform  Bureau. 

International  Sunshine  Society. 

Italian  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Italian  Federation  of  the  Socialist  Party. 

Japan  Society. 

Japan  Society  of  America. 

Jewish  Publication  Society. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  31 

Knights  and  Ladies  of  Security. 

Korean  National  Association. 

League  for  Industrial  Rights. 

League  for  Permanent  Peace. 

League  of  Free  Nations  Association. 

League  To  Enforce  Peace. 

Life  Extension  Institute. 

Loyal  Coalition. 

Maryland  League  for  National  Defense. 

Massachusetts  Joint  Committee  for  a  League  of  Free  Nations. 

Mayor's  Committee  of  Women  on  National  Defense,  New  York. 

Mechanics  and  Metals  National  Bank. 

Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Company. 

Military  Training  Camps  Association  of  the  United  States. 

National  Americanization  Committee  for  Immigrants  in  America. 

National  American  Women  Suffrage  Association. 

National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Colored  People. 

National  Bank  of  Commerce. 

National  Catholic  War  Council. 

National  City  Bank  of  New  York. 

National  City  Bank  of  New  York,  Rio  de  Janeiro  Branch. 

National  Civic  Federation. 

National  Committee  of  Patriotic  and  Defense  Societies. 

National  Committee  on  the  Churches  and  the  Moral  Aims  of  the  War. 

National  Consumers'  League. 

National  Economic  League. 

National  Foreign  Trade  Council. 

National  Historical  Society. 

National  Indian  Association. 

National  Institute  of  Social  Sciences. 

National  League  for  Women's  Service. 

National  Marine  League  of  the  United  States. 

National  Municipal  League. 

National  Polish  Committee  of  America. 

National  Polish  Department  of  America. 

National  Security  League. 

National  Urban  League. 

National  Woman's  Party. 

Navy  League  of  the  United  States. 

Near  East  Relief. 

New  Syria  National  League. 

Pacific  Cooperative  League. 

Pan-Albanian  Federation  of  America. 


32  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Pan-Epirotic  Union  in  America. 

Peace  Committee  of  Philadelphia  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends, 

Permanent   Blind   Relief   War   Fund    for   Soldiers   and   Sailors  of  the 

Allies. 
Polish  National  Council  of  America. 
Polish  Publishing  Company. 
Polish  Victims'  Relief  Fund. 
Public  Ownership  League  of  America. 

Publicity  Bureau  of  the  Chinese  Students,  University  of  Illinois. 
Rand  School  of  Social  Research. 
Rockefeller  Foundation. 
Roumanian  Relief  Committee  of  America. 
Royal  Neighbors  of  America. 

Russian  Information  Bureau  in  the  United  States. 
Russian  Soviet  Government  Bureau. 
Security  Benefit  Association. 
Serbian  Child  Welfare  Association  of  America. 
Serbian  Relief  Committee  of  America. 
Social  and  Scientific  Society  of  Newr  York. 
Socialist  Labor  Party. 
Socialist  Party. 

Societe  Nationale  des  Professeurs  Frangais  en  Amerique. 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith. 
Society  for  Visual  Education. 
Society  To  Eliminate  Economic  Causes  of  War. 
State  and  Local  Building  Trades  Councils  of  California. 
Ukrainian  National  Association. 
Ukrainian  Press  Service. 
Volta  Bureau. 

Woman's  Missionary  Union. 

World  Alliance  for  International  Friendship  through  the  Churches. 
World  Peace  Foundation. 
Young  Democracy. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association  War  Work  Council. 
Zionist  Organization  of  America. 


III.     G.  D.:  GOVERNMENT  DOCUMENTS 

Government  documents  have  long  held  an  important  place 
in  the  general  library  of  Stanford  University.  Indeed,  in  our 
new  library  building-  there  is  a  special  wing  with  a  special 
staff  devoted  to  this  type  of  material,  with  excellent  facilities 
for  access  to  the  shelves  and  for  work  in  immediate  contact 
with  them.  This  is  known  as  the  "Document  Room,"  con- 
taining some  35,000  volumes,  which  are  the  publications  of 
governments.  Among  the  best  of  these  are  first,  a  splendid 
set  of  United  States  documents,  7,000  volumes ;  second,  a  set 
of  the  British  Sessional  Papers,  from  1800  to  the  present 
date,  4,500  volumes ;  third,  a  complete  set  of  Canadian  Ses- 
sional Papers  and  of  Debates,  1867  to  date,  1,000  volumes; 
fourth,  a  fairly  adequate  set  of  Australian  government  docu- 
ments ;  fifth,  partial  and  incomplete  sets  for  many  other  coun- 
tries. Complete  sets  of  debates,  or  legislative  proceedings, 
for  the  four  countries  named  above  are  also  in  the  "Docu- 
ment Room" ;  as  also  partially  complete  sets  of  debates  for 
other  countries. 

These  facts  are  stated  because  the  existence  of  this  type 
of  material  in  such  large  quantity  at  Stanford  had  a  definite 
bearing  on  a  part  of  our  work  for  the  Hoover  War  Collection, 
and,  in  certain  cases,  on  the  methods  used  in  gathering  it. 
From  the  first  it  was  desired  to  make  a  fairly  complete  col- 
lection of  government  documents,  not  merely  from  the  nations 
at  war,  but  from  all  the  nations,  during  the  period  of  the 
war,  1914-1919,  inclusive,  since  the  neutral  nations  also  were 
affected  by  the  war,  and  their  government  documents  will 
reveal,  in  part,  their  reactions  to  it.  At  first  it  was  felt  that 
to  ask  from  each  nation  a  gift  of  all  its  government  docu- 
ments for  the  period  indicated  was  unwise,  and  the  original 
requests  were  limited  to  those  documents  which  were  regarded 
as  of  most  interest  in  a  war  collection.     These  were : 


34  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

(1)  Diplomatic  publications. 

(2)  Military  publications,  showing  campaigns,  organi- 
zation of  armies,  etc. 

(3)  Legislative  debates. 

(4)  Documents  in  any  way  dealing  with  questions  of 
food  supply  and  administration. 

This  last,  both  here,  and  in  all  parts  of  our  work,  has  been 
constantly  emphasized,  and  in  fact,  is  the  one  outstanding 
feature  of  the  collection. 

It  was  soon  found,  however,  that  governments  were  just 
as  willing — even  preferred — to  give  a  blanket  promise  for  all 
government  documents  during  the  period  1914-1919,  as  to  be 
bothered  with  making  a  selection.  Also  further  consideration 
convinced  us  that  it  was  important  for  historical  purposes  to 
have  complete  sets  of  documents,  for  many  things  included  in 
them,  though  not  included  in  the  four  categories  listed  above, 
exhibit  war  reaction.  Even  the  omission,  in  1916  let  us  say, 
of  government  activities  customary  in  1914  is  presumably  a 
war  reaction.  For  these  reasons,  after  a  short  initial  experi- 
ence, the  request  was  always  made  for  everything  for  the 
period  1914-1919,  inclusive. 

Work  on  government  documents  was  not  undertaken  until 
that  for  delegation  propaganda  was  nearly  completed.  These 
two  fields  were  my  own  special  work.  That  for  the  delegation 
propaganda  had  established  contacts,  and  in  many  cases,  I 
hope,  established  friendships,  which  made  it  easy  to  return 
with  a  request  for  government  documents.  In  general, 
promises  were  usually  given  with  readiness,  for  the  material 
itself  was  not  available  at  Paris, — and  in  most  cases,  these 
promises  have  either  been  fulfilled,  or  have  been  renewed  by 
letter  with  explanation  of  causes  of  delay.  In  every  case  the 
offer  was  made  to  buy  the  materials,  if  the  government  did 
not  care  to  give,  but  usually  officials  in  Paris  were  by  this 
time  genuinely  interested  in  our  collection  plans,  and  glad  to 
help  us.  And  always  the  name,  "Hoover  War  Collection," 
opened  all   doors.     In  general,  then,  the  lists,  which  will  be 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  35 

subjoined,  of  countries  whose  documents  we  have,  represent 
gifts,  save  usually  transportation  charges,  and  there  seems 
no  need  to  differentiate  here  gift  and  purchase  materials.  In 
fact,  in  a  few  cases,  when  gifts  seemed  unlikely,  purchases 
were  made,  only  to  have  the  government  concerned  insist,  later, 
on  making  a  gift,  resulting  in  some  slight  duplication  for  the 
collection. 

Before  listing  the  countries  from  which  government  docu- 
ment materials  have  been  received,  it  seems  advisable  to  men- 
tion a  few  unusual  conditions  that  arose  in  connection  with 
this  work,  in  relation  to  certain  States.  Indeed,  for  some  of 
these  States  an  explanation  is  required  that  it  may  be  under- 
stood just  what  has  been  secured. 

The  French  documents  include  not  merely  those  published 
by  the  Central  government,  but  also  the  annual  publications 
of  the  Departments  of  France,  such  as  the  Proces-Verbaux 
des  Deliberations  du  Conseil  General,  for  an  examination  of 
these  showed  many  interesting  war  activities  of  the  people, 
that  do  not  appear  in  any  other  publications.  All  through  the 
four  months  spent  at  Paris,  June  to  October,  1919,  I  was 
greatly  aided  by  M.  Camille  Thurwanger,  of  the  central  French 
propaganda  agency,  and  it  was  he  who  first  called  attention 
to  the  value  of  Departmental  documents. 

In  July,  Mrs.  Adams  and  I  were  invited  by  Captain 
Charles  Leach,  a  former  Stanford  student  and  friend,  to  motor 
with  him  from  Paris  to  Brussels,  on  one  of  his  weekly  hos- 
pital inspection  trips.  It  should  here  be  stated  that  one  prin- 
ciple, early  adopted,  of  our  work,  was  to  make  as  nearly  as 
possible  a  complete  collection  of  every  type  of  historical 
material  on  the  war  relating  to  Belgium.  For  this  country  we 
put  no  limits,  and  this  because  of  the  special  relation  of  Mr. 
Hoover  to  the  Belgian  people,  and  because  we  were  to  have  the 
complete  archives  of  the  Commission  for  Relief  in  Belgium. 
One  object  of  this  trip  to  Brussels  was  to  appoint  an  agent 
who  would  make  a  collection  of  all  German  orders,  proclama- 
tions,  and   posters   in   Belgium,   but   this   proved   unnecessary 


36  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

because  an  enterprising  publishing  firm  of  Brussels,  that  of 
Van  Oest,  had  already  undertaken  this  work  in  many  volumes, 
then  appearing,  and  the  purchase  of  this  series,  much  more 
usable  than  the  posters  themselves,  was  a  simple  method  of 
carrying  out  what  I  had  feared  would  be  a  difficult  under- 
taking. In  Brussels  we  were  at  the  time,  and  have  been 
since,  greatly  aided  by  the  generous  efforts  of  Professor  Leon 
Leclere,  Recteur  of  the  Universite  libre  de  Bruxelles.  But 
especially,  in  the  matter  of  government  documents,  thanks  are 
due  to  M.  Emile  Francqui,  mining  engineer  and  a  banker  of 
world  reputation,  who  personally  requested  M.  Albert  Henry, 
of  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture,  to  aid  us.  M.  Henry  has 
devoted  much  time  and  energy  to  the  work  with  the  result  that 
a  truly  wonderful  collection  of  Belgian  government  documents, 
some  twelve  hundred  items,  has  been  received,  covering  the 
period  1910  to  1919,  for,  as  M.  Henry  truly  observed,  "it  is 
necessary  for  Belgium  to  go  back  of  1914,  if  one  would  under- 
stand the  governmental  life  of  my  country  before  it  was 
throttled  by  the  German  invasion."  This  collection  covers 
not  merely  Belgium  proper,  but  Belgian  Congo  as  well. 

In  Paris,  personal  contacts  were  possible  with  the  repre- 
sentatives of  all  states  except  those  of  the  enemy  powers.  The 
delegations  of  these  powers  were  located  outside  of  Paris  and 
no  one  was  permitted  to  go  to  them  except  the  regular  liaison 
officer  of  each  of  the  powers  at  the  Peace  Conference  table. 
Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Henry  White,  of  the  American 
Commission,  and  of  Major  Royal  Tyler,  the  liaison  officer, 
correspondence  was  carried  on  with  the  German  and  Austrian 
delegations,  and  certain  arrangements  made  with  the  Austrian 
which  rendered  unnecessary  any  personal  contact.  The  Bul- 
garian government  was  reached  in  another  way  to  be  described 
later.  The  Turkish  delegation  was  early  sent  home  by  the 
Peace  Conference  to  await  its  turn,  and  it  is  only  now,  in  1921, 
that  our  collection  efforts  have  been  taken  up  with  it  by  an 
agent  sent  to  Constantinople.  But  letters  to  the  German  dele- 
gation got  unsatisfactory   results,  so  that  early  in   August  I 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  37 

determined  to  go,  if  possible,  to  Berlin.  Since  peace  terms 
had  not  as  yet  been  followed  by  resumption  of  passport  regula- 
tions, this  was  somewhat  a  mission  of  adventure,  easily 
arranged  as  far  as  Cologne,  but  more  problematical  as  to 
getting  through  the  British  zone  of  control.  Without  dilating 
on  the  adventures  encountered,  it  is  enough  to  say  that  Berlin 
was  reached  with  relative  ease,  and  once  there,  with  personal 
explanations  to  Minister  Naumann,  of  the  publicity  section 
of  the  Foreign  Office,  arrangements  were  completed  for  an 
excellent,  though  not  complete,  set  of  war  period  German 
government  documents.  It  was  interesting  and  illuminating  to 
enter,  practically  unannounced,  Bismarck's  old  official  palace, 
knock  on  a  door  to  which  I  was  directed  by  an  un-uni formed 
messenger,  and  be  summoned  by  a  shout  from  within  of 
"Herein!"  While  talking  with  Minister  Naumann,  another 
knock  came  at  the  door,  answered  by  the  same  "Herein !"  and 
in  walked  an  American  newspaper  correspondent,  who,  with 
hat  on  head,  cigar  in  mouth,  tilted  at  an  aggressive  angle, 
greeted  the  Minister  with,  "Well,  Chief,  what's  the  news 
today  ?"  Democratic  simplicity  was  at  high  tide  in  Berlin.  The 
German  government  document  collection  secured  as  a  result 
of  this  visit  has  a  special  personal  interest  in  that  the  materials 
later  sent  to  us  were  evidently  gathered  from  the  files  of  offi- 
cials formerly  high  in  the  administration  of  the  Empire,  and 
often  are  marked  with  their  autographs  and  sometimes  with 
their  marginal  comments. 

In  Berlin,  I  found  attached  to  General  Harries'  American 
Military  Mission,  which  had  been  there  since  shortly  after 
the  armistice,  a  former  student  and  friend.  Lieutenant  Ralph 
H.  Lutz,  who,  before  the  war  had  been  Assistant  Professor 
of  European  history  at  the  University  of  Washington,  Seattle. 
He  was  of  invaluable  assistance  in  this  work  for  Germany, 
and  as  soon  as  the  Military  Mission  was  closed  in  August, 
1919,  he  secured  demobilization  and  started  for  the  Hoover  War 
Collection  on  a  trip  through  Poland,  Czecho-Slovakia,  Austria, 
Hungary,  Serbia,  Bulgaria,  Italy,  and  Switzerland.    In  all  of 

49Gti*<J 


38  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

these  countries  he  secured,  among  other  matters,  promises  of 
government  documents,  and  it  was  in  this  way  that  the  enemy 
power,  Bulgaria,  was  reached.  This  State  has  furnished  us 
with  a  very  complete  set  of  its  documents.  Professor  Lutz' 
other  activities  will  be  noted,  in  part,  in  another  portion  of  this 
report.  He  is  now  Associate  Professor  of  History  at  Stanford 
University,  and  a  director  of  the  Hoover  War  Collection. 

The  collection  from  Finland  deserves  special  mention. 
With  this  country  Mr.  Hoover  had  early  established  food 
supply  relations,  thereby  relieving  a  very  desperate  situation. 
Also  he  had  been  personally  instrumental  in  securing  recog- 
nition for  Finland  by  the  Peace  Conference, — so  interested 
in  fact,  that  a  portion  of  a  certain  letter  of  his  to  the  Peace 
Conference  was  ordered  cut  into  the  stone  wall  of  its  legislative 
chamber  by  the  Finnish  government.  In  Paris,  Professor  Y. 
Him,  of  the  University  of  Helsingfors,  when  talking  with  me 
about  materials  to  be  secured  for  our  collection,  requested  per- 
mission to  gather  and  organize  Finnish  materials  for  us,  and  of 
all  kinds.  This  he  has  done,  sending  not  merely  government 
documents,  but  also  an  excellent  selection  of  general  books 
illustrative  of  the  life  and  culture  of  his  people.  Moreover  a 
specially  printed  catalogue  of  this  collection,  limited  to  twenty 
copies,  was  prepared  by  him,  stating  the  reasons  for  the  gift. 
Through  our  agent.  Professor  Frank  A.  Colder,  who  has  since 
been  working  in  the  Baltic  countries,  arrangements  were  later 
made  for  exchanges  of  regular  publications  between  Stanford 
University  and  the  various  universities  of  Finland. 

In  October,  1919,  our  offices  were  transferred  to  London, 
largely  with  the  twofold  purpose  of  making  sure  of  securing 
British  society  publications,  and  of  getting  everything  possible 
in  British  government  documents.  Again  I  devoted  my  work 
to  this  latter  field,  though  arranging  for  the  selection  of  a 
purchasing  agent  of  general  books,  and  for  a  shipping  agency. 
The  question  of  British  government  documents  had  this  un- 
usual feature,  that  Stanford  University  had  long  had  a  standing 
order,  filled  annually,  for  the  regular  Sessional  Papers  to  be 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  39 

added  to  our  British  set.  But  of  recent  years,  and  especially 
during  the  war,  the  various  ministries  of  Great  Britain  have 
been  in  the  habit  of  issuing  documents  through  the  Stationery 
Office,  which  are  for  sale,  but  which  are  not  included  in  the 
regular  Sessional  Papers.  Thus,  our  purchase  set,  if  we 
depended  on  that,  would  be  lacking  valuable  war  materials. 
Moreover,  during  the  war  the  various  ministries  printed  (not 
published)  much  material  intended  for  confidential  circula- 
tion, which  was  not  listed  in  the  Stationery  Ofifice  catalogues. 
For  example,  the  Foreign  Office  issued  a  confidential  weekly 
summary  of  labor  and  industrial  conditions  in  the  enemy 
countries,  and  the  Ministry  of  Labour  had  its  own  weekly 
'spy'  summary  of  similar  character. 

My  first  intention  was  to  make  a  request  upon  the  Foreign 
Office  for  a  general  gift  by  a'll  ministries  of  the  material  which 
does  not  find  its  way  into  the  Sessional  Papers,  but  I  was 
advised  that  this  was  a  doubtful  method,  and  at  best  would 
be  a  very  slow  one.  In  the  end,  I  secured  from  our  Ambassa- 
dor, Mr.  John  Davis,  who  was  sincerely  and  courteously 
interested  in  our  work,  letters  of  introduction  to  each  of  the 
twenty-six  ministries  of  Great  Britain.  Contact  was  thus 
established,  usually  with  the  personal  secretary  to  the  min- 
ister, less  frequently  with  the  minister  himself,  and  in  every 
case  there  was  given  to  our  request  not  merely  courteous  atten- 
tion, but  an  active  interest,  for  everywhere  there  was  quick 
appreciation  of  the  scope  and  value  of  our  efiforts  for  a  com- 
prehensive document  collection. 

In  making  inquiries  as  to  war-time  activities  of  the  min- 
istries, it  was  learned  that  certain  of  these  activities  had  been 
performed  largely  by  the  London  County  Council, — acting 
virtually  as  a  government  in  itself  in  the  great  city  of  London. 
The  request  was  therefore  made  for  all  its  important  war-time 
publications.  This  request  was  granted  and  a  very  carefully 
organized  collection  was  made  for  us  by  the  clerk  of  the 
council. 

In  London  are  established  the  Agents-General  of  the  larger 


40  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

British  Colonies,  and  of  the  states  of  the  Empire.  There  is 
not  only  a  High  Commissioner  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
but  each  province  of  Canada  maintains  its  Agency-General. 
This  is  true  also  for  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia,  and 
there  are  Agents-General  for  many  of  the  colonies. 

To  all  of  these  a  personal  visit  was  paid  and  a  request  made 
for  government  documents.  Great  aid  in  this  work  was  given 
by  Sir  Charles  Lucas,  K.  C.  B.,  and  by  ]\Ir.  Evans  Lewin, 
librarian  of  the  Royal  Colonial  Institute.  Mr.  Lewin  organized 
the  whole  plan  of  work  with  the  British  Colonies  not  repre- 
sented by  Agents-General  in  London,  listing  their  documentary 
publications,  and  even  selecting  important  British  chambers 
of  commerce  in  the  colonies,  and  colonial  newspapers,  upon 
which  requests  for  valuable  materials  might  be  made.  His 
instructions  have  been  closely  followed  with  most  satisfactory 
results,  though  colonial  newspaper  files  have  not  been  secured 
in  any  large  numbers.  The  chamber  of  commerce  material, 
consisting  of  annual  reports  and  other  publications,  has  proved 
so  valuable,  however,  that  it  will  be  listed  separately  below. 
In  some  few  cases  the  contact  with  chambers  of  commerce 
has  resulted  in  the  placing  in  our  collection  of  their  selected 
letter  Hies  bearing  on  the  war,  and  more  of  this  type  of  ma- 
terial would  be  welcomed  by  us.  All  this  British  colonial 
material  has  been  roughly  catalogued  and  is  available  for  use. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  kind  of  material  gathered,  a  list 
for  one  year,  1914,  is  here  inserted  of  that  received  from  the 
Federated  Malay  States,  through  the  interest  of  Sir  William 
I.  Taylor,  K.  C.  M.  G.,  and  of  Mr.  Thomas  H.  Reid. 

List  of  Reports  Received  From  the  Federated  Malay 
States  for  1914 

Annual  Report  (Chief  Secretary).      Police. 

Perak.  Agriculture. 

Selangor.  Malay  States  Volunteer  Rifles. 

Negri  Sembilan.  Malay  College,  Kuala  Kangsar. 

Pahang.  Museums. 

Geologist.  Malay  States  Guides. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  41 

Railways.  Trade  and  Customs. 

Registrar  of  Companies.  Forest. 

Fisheries.  Mines. 

Marine.  Medical. 

Chinese  Aflfairs.  Financial. 

Public  Officers'  Guarantee  Fund.        Posts  and  Telegraphs. 

Public  Officers'  Quinquennial.  Survey. 

Printing.  Labour. 

Public  Works.  Kelantan. 

Education.  Trengganu. 

Malay  Studies.  Kedah  and  Perils. 

Supreme  Court. 

In  the  case  of  government  documents  issued  between  1914 
and  1919  by  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  the  same  arrangement 
has  been  made  as  for  the  British  documentary  material,  and 
for  the  same  reason.  Stanford  University  Library  has  a  com- 
plete set  of  Canadian  Sessional  Papers,  and  receives  regularly 
the  annual  publications.  Hence  the  arrangement  made  for 
the  Hoover  War  Collection  is  that  those  Canadian  Dominion 
publications  which  are  not  included  in  the  Sessional  Papers 
shall  be  sent  to  us.  At  the  time  of  writing  this  report,  these 
materials,  owing  to  the  mislaying  of  an  initial  request  list, 
have  not  yet  been  received  by  us,  but  are  in  process  of  being 
organized  at  Ottawa. 

For  United  States  documentary  material  an  arrangement 
has  been  made  with  the  Library  of  Congress  for  a  supply  of 
all  documents  securable,  which  are  not  included  in  the  regular 
United  States  document  volumes.  This  is  a  part  of  the 
exchange  arrangement  with  the  Library  of  Congress  to  be 
explained  in  greater  detail  in  another  portion  of  this  report. 

The  total  number  of  items  received  in  the  government  docu- 
ment classification  is  twenty-seven  thousand.  These  have  not 
been  catalogued  but  have  been  arranged  by  countries  and  ac- 
cession lists  have  been  made  showing  the  main  types  of 
materials. 


42 


THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 


Countries   From   Which   Government   Documents   Have 
Been  Received  or  Promised 


Argentina. 

Australia. 

Belgium. 

Bulgaria. 

Colombia. 

Cuba. 

Denmark. 

England. 

Finland. 

France. 

Germany. 

Guatemala. 

Haiti. 


1  lolland. 

Honduras. 

Hungary. 

Japan. 

Mexico. 

Nicaragua. 

Norway. 

Poland. 

Sweden. 

Switzerland. 

Uruguay. 

Venezuela. 


Austria. 

Canada. 

Esthonia. 

Greece. 

Italy. 

Latvia. 

Lithuania. 


Papal  See. 

Peru. 

Roumania. 

Serbs,  Croats,  and  Slovenes. 

Spain. 

Turkey. 


List  of  British  Colonies  From  Which  Government 
Documents  Have  Been  Received 


Australia,  Commonwealth  of — 

New  South  Wales. 

Queensland. 

South  Australia. 

Western  Australia. 
Bahamas,  The. 
Barbados  Islands. 
British  Guiana. 
British  Honduras. 
Canada,  Dominion  of — 

British  Columbia. 

Manitoba. 


New  Brunswick. 

Newfoundland. 

Ontario. 

Quebec. 
Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Ceylon. 
Cyprus. 
Dominica. 

East  Africa  Protectorate. 
Federated  Malay  States. 
Fiji. 
Gibraltar. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  43 

Gold  Coast.  Rhodesia. 

Grenada.  St.  Vincent. 

Hong  Kong.  Sierra  Leone. 

I"d'^;  Straits  Settlements. 

Jamaica.  Tasmania. 

^a'ta.  Trinidad  and  Tobago. 

Mauritius.  Turks  and  Caicos  Islands. 

Montserrat.  Uganda  Protectorate. 

Natal.  Union  of  South  Africa. 

New  Zealand.  West  Indian  Committee. 

British  Chambers  of  Commerce  From  Which  Materials 
Have  Been  Received 

Associated  Chambers  of  Commerce  of  the  Commonweahh  of  Australia. 

Bombay  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Brisbane  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

British  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Brazil. 

British  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Paris. 

Cape  Town  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Ceylon  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Johannesburg  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Melbourne  Chamber  of  Agriculture. 

Melbourne  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Pretoria  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Punjab  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Saskatoon  Board  of  Trade. 

Shanghai  General  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Singapore  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Sydney  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Tientsin  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Toronto  Board  of  Trade. 

Tuticorin  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

VancouTer  Board  of  Trade. 


IV.     LIBRARY    OF    CONGRESS    EXCHANGE 
AGREEMENT 

In  the  summer  of  1919  Mr.  Herbert  Putnam  was  in  Europe 
looking  after  the  work  of  the  Library  of  Congress  in  relation 
to  its  services  for  the  American  forces.  He  was  also  arranging 
certain  purchases  of  war  history  materials  and  was  much  inter- 
ested in  our  own  work.  The  result  of  several  conversations 
was  that  an  agreement  was  entered  into  by  which  it  was  hoped 
the  Library  of  Congress  and  the  Hoover  War  Collection  might 
be  serviceable  to  each  other,  especially  in  the  way  of  exchange 
of  duplicate  materials.  We  gathered,  for  example,  wherever 
possible,  duplicate  files  of  society  publications,  and  both  in 
Paris  and  London  transferred  these  to  the  shipping  agents  of 
the  Library  of  Congress.  To  some  extent  also,  we  gathered 
duplicate  lots  of  delegation  propaganda,  though  our  own  work 
in  this  field  was  largely  finished  when  the  agreement  with  Mr. 
Putnam  was  entered  upon,  and  he,  also,  had  already  secured 
much  Peace  Conference  propaganda  through  its  collection  by 
Captain  Gilchrist. 

A  definite  agreement,  then,  has  been  made  with  the  Library 
of  Congress  for  exchange  of  duplicate  materials. 

The  expectation  of  both  of  us  in  making  this  arrangement 
is  to  establish  the  two  principal  American  centers  for  war 
history  materials  at  the  Library  of  Congress  on  the  Atlantic 
Coast,  and  at  Stanford  University  on  the  Pacific  Coast.  Vari- 
ous minor  items  of  value  have  been  received  by  us  from  the 
Library  of  Congress,  but  the  item  of  great  importance  has 
been  a  collection  of  files  of  newspapers  for  the  period  of  the 
war.  The  lists  of  these  newspapers  will  be  given  under  the 
general  heading  of  "Newspapers,"  inclusive  also  of  further 
files  received  from  other  sources,  but  it  may  be  stated  here  that 
this  exchange  lot  provided  by  the  Library  of  Congress  com- 
prised complete  files  of  eleven  American  dailies,  and  incom- 
plete files   (since  largely  completed  from  another  source)   of 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  45 

forty-eight  foreign  press  newspapers,  mainly  Austrian  and 
German.  In  mere  size  this  was  a  carload  of  "exchanges" 
(some  few  other  materials  than  newspapers  being  included), 
and  totaled  81,535  copies  of  newspapers. 

Our  own  exchange  offers  to  the  Library  of  Congress,  other 
than  the  materials  already  mentioned  as  transferred  in  Paris 
and  London,  were  delayed  by  the  necessity  of  caring  for 
materials  pouring  in  upon  us,  and  it  was  not  until  January, 
1921,  that  it  was  possible  to  draw  up  a  first  list  of  duplicates 
available.  This  list  included  items  from  government  docu- 
ments, delegation  propaganda,  society  publications,  and  a  few 
miscellaneous  items.  The  list  represented  roughly  the  dupli- 
cates discovered  in  the  organization  of  about  one  fifth  of  our 
collection.  It  contained  588  items,  mostly  of  a  type  which 
would  not  ordinarily  come  in  to  the  Library  of  Congress,  and 
it  was  gratifying  to  learn  that  of  this  total  the  Library  of 
Congress  wanted  all  but  twenty-six  items.  Naturally  the 
Hoover  War  Collection  will  be  the  principal  beneficiary,  so 
far  as  mere  bulk  of  materials  is  concerned,  in  the  arrange- 
ment made  with  Mr.  Putnam,  but  we  believe  that  in  the  case 
of  materials  more  difficult  to  secure,  or  more  rare,  the  exchange 
agreement  will  not  prove  an  unequal  one  to  the  Library  of 
Congress. 


V.     PURCHASE   OF    ORDINARY    BOOK   MATERIAL 

The  problem  of  buying  war  books  would  have  been  easy 
if  we  were  to  follow  the  system  of  one  national  government 
which  simply  gave  to  a  book  dealer,  in  Berlin,  a  blanket  order, 
without  limit  of  expense,  for  "all  German  books  on  the  war." 
But  having  no  national  treasury  back  of  us,  it  was  decided  to 
go  very  slowly  in  this  field,  to  take  advice  everywhere,  and 
to  purchase  at  first  only  such  books  as  had  proved  of  value 
during  the  war,  and  such  as  were  appearing  of  distinct  im- 
portance since  the  war.  This  is  still  our  principle.  We  are 
slowly  establishing  contacts  with  qualified  advisers  in  various 
countries,  and  selecting  dependable  agents  through  whom  to 
place  orders, — these  agents  themselves  being  of  such  estab- 
lished reputation  in  the  business  of  book  selling  as  to  make 
us  ready,  usually,  to  follow  out  their  suggestions  both  as  to 
books  and  as  to  collections  of  special  war  material.  Before 
undertaking  any  purchases  whatever,  a  careful  study  was 
made  of  the  collection  gathered  at  the  Musee  de  la  Guerre  in 
Paris.  This  remarkable  war  collection,  unquestionably  the 
best  in  existence  in  so  far  as  general  books  and  general  illustra- 
tive materials  are  concerned,  is  due  to  the  efforts  of  M.  Henri 
Leblanc,  who  first  undertook  it  as  a  private  enterprise,  but  later 
succeeded  in  having  it  taken  over  by  the  French  government. 
M.  Leblanc  and  his  assistants  gave  us  every  facility  and  much 
time  was  spent  in  the  Musee  de  la  Guerre,  but  without  great 
benefit  in  determining  what  was  worth  our  purchase  in  the 
book  markets,  because  there  was  then  no  analytical  catalogue 
for  the  Musee  de  la  Guerre,  except  a  very  excellent  one  in 
manuscript  for  the  German  book  section.  Our  first  purchase 
order  for  French  books  was,  however,  worked  out  by  examina- 
tion of  the  books  themselves  as  they  stood  in  the  Musee  de  la 
Guerre. 

But  the  very  examination  of  this  vast  number  of  books  in 
the  Musee  de  la  Guerre  reenforced   the  decision  to  proceed 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  47 

slowly  in  purchases  in  the  book  market.  Purchases  are  being 
made  only  after  examination  of  analytical  catalogues  or  lists, 
or  upon  dependable  advice.  Thus  our  total  number  of  items 
to  date  from  purchases  in  the  regular  book  markets  is  but 
4450.  Two  exceptions,  however,  should  be  stated  to  this  slow 
process  of  purchase.  We  have  'plunged'  with  extensive  orders 
for  (a)  Belgian  works  about  Belgium  and  the  war,  (b)  works 
produced  in  neutral  countries  on  the  neutrality  of  that  country. 
The  principal  agencies  and  advisers  established  in  various 
countries  are  as  follows : 

France. — The  book  selling  firm  of  Honore  Champion,  whose 
present  head  is  M.  Edouard  Champion,  is  our  purchasing 
agent,  and  in  some  degree  our  adviser,  for,  subsequent  to  the 
initial  order  drawn  up  by  me  and  placed  with  him  for  about 
twelve  hundred  titles,  M.  Champion  was  engaged  to  submit 
lists  of  recommended  purchases  of  French,  Swiss.  Italian, 
Spanish,  and  Portuguese  works.  This  firm  binds  all  works 
sold  to  us. 

Belgium. — Here,  as  already  explained,  there  is  no  prob- 
lem of  selection,  but  rather  of  securing  everything;  but  here, 
in  fact.  Professor  Leon  Leclere,  Recteur  of  the  Universite  libre 
de  Bruxelles,  acts  as  adviser. 

Germany  and  Austria. — During  the  months  spent  by  Lieu- 
tenant Ralph  H.  Lutz  in  Berlin  as  a  member  of  the  American 
Military  Mission,  he  found  time  to  make  a  study  of  German 
war  history  publications,  and  when  I  made  contact  with  him 
in  August,  1919,  he  was  readily  interested  in  making  for  us 
a  selected  list  of  worth-while  books.  His  instructions  were 
to  buy  selected  works  published  in  either  Germany  or  Austria 
during  the  period  of  the  war,  and  especially  to  get  together 
everything  of  value,  except  posters,  bearing  on  the  Spartacan 
revolutions.  The  result  is  that  for  Germany  and  Austria  we 
have  a  better  book  and  political  pamphlet  collection  at  pres- 
ent than  for  any  other  countries.  The  agency  was  placed  with 
the  firm  of  Dietrich  Reimer,  Berlin,  and  their  advice  has 
proved  of  value.     These  books  are  unbound.     Mr.   Lutz,  on 


48  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

his  later  trip  for  us  through  Central  and  Southeastern  Europe, 
also  made  small  purchases  in  Warsaw,  Zurich,  Prague,  Vienna, 
Buda-Pesth,  Belgrade,  and  Sofia,  but  no  permanent  agencies 
have  been  established  in  these  cities. 

Great  Britain  and  the  British  Colonies. — London  is  the 
central  market  for  the  book  trade  of  the  whole  British  Empire. 
Here  then  it  was  necessary  to  make  arrangements  that  would 
cover  a  very  wide  field  of  publications,  and  here  it  was  neces- 
sary to  go  with  special  caution  because  in  the  early  years  of 
the  war  the  Stanford  University  Library  had  purchased  ex- 
tensively English  war  books.  The  librarian  had  drawn  up 
for  us  a  list  of  such  works,  amounting  to  some  eight  hundred 
titles,  and  when  examined  by  the  special  agent  ultimately 
employed,  this  list  seemed  to  him  to  make  unnecessary  any 
thorough  search  for  books  published  between  1914  and  1917. 
The  British  field  was  so  large  that  it  was  not  possible  to  ask 
anyone  to  give  his  services  in  the  work  of  selection,  so  the 
problem  was  to  find  some  capable  agent  who  would  accept 
pay.  On  the  advice  of  Professor  A.  F.  Pollard,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  London,  Mr.  Maurice  Perlzweig  was  engaged.  He 
was  to  place  orders  for  us  with  the  firm  of  B.  F.  Stevens  & 
Brown,  who  were  also  acting  as  our  shipping  agents  for  gov- 
ernment documents  and  society  publications  secured  in  London. 
Mr.  Perlzweig  was  to  have  the  privilege,  if  he  desired  to  use 
it,  of  submitting  his  lists  of  proposed  purchases  to  Dr.  G.  W. 
(Sir  George)  Prothero,  editor  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  Mr. 
Hubert  Hall,  of  the  Public  Record  Office,  and  Mr.  Richmond, 
literary  editor  of  the  London  Times,  all  of  whom  were  much 
interested  in  our  work,  and  most  courteous  in  oft"ers  of  assist- 
ance. This  seemed  an  excellent  arrangement  for  securing 
well  selected  books,  but  it  has  not  worked  satisfactorily  be- 
cause of  the  repeated  illnesses  of  Mr.  Perlzweig,  with  conse- 
quent delays  and  confusion.  In  the  final  result,  we  have  turned 
to  the  sound  advice  of  Mr.  Brown  of  Stevens  &  Brown,  and 
to  our  own  examination  of  reviews  for  the  selection  of  books 
to  be  ordered.    The  result  is,  that  while  the  University  Library 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY 


49 


has  an  excellent  limited  selection  of  British  war  books  for  the 
years  1914  to  1917,  the  Hoover  War  Collection  at  present  has 
not  nearly  so  large  a  representation  of  British  books  as  it  has 
of  other  countries. 

Holland. — A  special  purchase  of  works  on  Dutch  neutrality 
has  been  made  through  the  firm  of  Martinus  Nijhoflf,  The 
Hague.  This  firm  is  also  very  active  in  securing  and  offer- 
ing for  sale  general  war  history  materials  of  all  descriptions, 
and  several  purchases  of  other  than  book  materials  have  been 
made  through  it. 

South  America. — Professor  P.  A.  Martin,  holding  the  chair 
of  South  American  history  at  Stanford  University,  has  made 
for  us  a  comprehensive  list  of  books  on  the  war  published  in 
South  America.  This  list  has  been  placed  with  Brentano's, 
New  York,  with  instructions  to  secure  works  and  bind  them 
for  us  as  rapidly  as  possible.  This  arrangement  has  been  in 
force  since  March,  1920,  and  up  to  date  is  represented  by  sixty 
titles.  The  total  amount  of  war  book  publications  from  South 
America  is  not  large,  and  in  this  field  it  is  our  purpose  to 
secure  practically  everything. 

These  book  purchases  have  not  all  been  catalogued,  but 
in  all  cases  exact  lists  of  books  purchased  have  been  furnished 
by  the  selling  agencies,  and  these  lists  make  the  books  avail- 
able for  use. 


VI.     SPECIAL  PURCHASES 

No  special  efforts  have  been  made  to  secure  private  or  un- 
usual collections  of  war  materials,  but  all  those  voluntarily 
offered  to  us  have  been  examined  with  care,  and  where  these 
appeared  to  fit  into  our  plans  and  to  be  reasonable  in  price  a 
purchase  has  been  made.  Up  to  the  present,  however,  indi- 
vidual collections,  and  agencies  also,  are  inclined  to  put  an 
absurdly  high  price  on  their  offers.  In  fact  the  prices  of  war 
collections  are  still  all  guess  work;  they  vary,  indeed,  from 
week  to  week. 

In  Paris  there  were  many  curious  offers  of  newspaper 
clippings,  religiously  kept  throughout  the  war  by  persons  who 
foresaw  the  possible  value  of  such  clippings  after  the  war  was 
over,  but  in  every  case  those  offered  to  us  had  been  made  with- 
out preserving  the  name  of  the  paper,  and  frequently  without 
the  dates.  It  was  difficult  and  disheartening  to  convince  their 
organizers  that  such  files  of  clippings  had  no  value.  One 
gentleman,  with  a  packet  of  twenty-four  neatly  bound  volumes 
of  clippings,  started  with  an  offer  of  the  lot  for  8,000  francs, 
and  in  the  end  suggested  a  trade  for  an  American  Army  "seed 
car"  (a  motorcycle  with  side  seat),  which  he  was  sure  an 
American  could  get  for  nothing  in  the  general  scrapping  of 
army  material.  Another  such  vendor  was  the  author  of  a  not 
unknown  work  of  accepted  historical  value  in  the  early  eighties 
of  the  last  century,  yet  he  had  no  appreciation  of  the  worth  of 
dates  and  names  in  newspaper  cHppings — indeed,  he  was  most 
indignant  at  our  refusal  to  buy. 

Purchases  of  special  collections  or  special  items,  then,  were 
not  frequent,  but  some  few  such  purchases  have  been  made, 
the  more  important  of  which  are  as  follows: 

Gazette  des  Ardennes. — This  French  language  newspaper, 
edited  by  three  renegade  Frenchmen  in  the  region  of  Northern 
France  occupied  by  the  Germans,  and  constituting  a  German 
official  presentation  of  war  news  to  conquered  French  subjects, 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  51 

has  unusual  interest  and  unique  value.  Complete  files  of  it 
are  rare,  so  that  when  a  teacher  in  a  boys'  school,  in  the  out- 
skirts of  Paris,  appeared,  stating  that  he  had  such  a  file  buried 
in  a  cellar  in  Northern  France,  and  that  he  wanted  to  sell  it, 
he  was  told  to  bring  it  to  Paris  for  examination.  The  file  proved 
to  be  complete  except  for  one  number,  and  was  purchased.  We 
probably  paid  too  much  for  it,  as  the  seller  seems  to  have 
gained  the  impression  that  I  was  a  "rich  American"  and  later 
opened  negotiations  with  me  for  a  marriage  arrangement  by 
which  he  would  supply  himself  and  an  "ancient  chateau,"  need- 
ing restoration,  in  return  for  an  "agreeable  and  cultured  Amer- 
ican heiress." 

Libre  Belgique. — Naturally,  being  Belgian  material,  it  was 
necessary  to  secure  this  interesting  publication,  and  a  file  was 
obtained  through  Nijhoff,  at  The  Hague,  including  not  only 
each  number  but  also  the  various  impressions  of  each  number, 
for  not  all  impressions  of  a  number  were  always  printed  in 
the  same  shop. 

Documents  of  the  Moment. — Of  similar  character,  but 
without  illustrations,  is  the  very  rare  "Documents  of  the 
Moment"  (Z  Dokumentow  Chewili),  issued  in  pamphlet  form 
in  some  one  hundred  numbers  in  Poland  during  the  period  of 
German  occupation.  This  was  not  a  purchase,  however,  but 
was  a  gift  by  the  Polish  government,  which  has  the  only  other 
complete  file  known  to  exist. 

Belgian  Newspapers. — Pursuing  the  policy  of  "everything 
by  Belgians  on  Belgium,"  a  considerable  file  of  Belgian  news- 
papers, published  during  the  war,  whether  in  that  country  or 
in  Holland,  was  purchased  through  Nijhoff.  These  papers 
are  listed  under  "VHI.  Newspapers,"  and  the  files  are  very 
nearly  complete. 

Smith  Collection. — In  London,  Dr.  Prothero  called  my 
attention  to  a  collection  of  German  books,  pamphlets,  posters, 
and  a  few  newspapers,  made  by  Dr.  T.  F.  A.  Smith  during  the 
earlier  period  of  the  war,  1914-1917,  which  the  owner  was 
now  willing  to  sell.     An  examination  of  a  catalogue  supplied 


:>S  THE   HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION' 

by  Dr.  Smith  showed  that  while  his  collection  duplicated  in 
some  small  measure  the  materials  secured  for  us  by  Mr.  Lutz, 
there  was  still  considerable  valuable  material  we  had  not 
secured,  and  which  was  now  diffcult  to  obtain.  No  catalogue 
of  this  material  has  yet  been  made,  but  the  eleven  hundred 
items  in  it  are  available  for  use  through  the  sale  catalogue 
furnished  us.  Some  of  the  special  features  of  this  collection  are 
"German  War  Correspondents'  Reports,''  "German  Women 
and  the  War,"  ''Social  Democrats  and  the  War,"  "German 
Universities,  Schools,  and  the  War."  "'War  Religion  and  the 
Churches/'  etc.,  etc. 

"War  Book  Club"  Collection. — This  is  a  collection  of 
printed  books,  a  few  files  of  reviews,  and  some  miscellaneous 
material,  started  by  Messrs.  Lange  and  Berry  in  London  early 
in  the  war,  with  the  ambitious  plan  of  gathering  "all  books 
about  the  war."  The  originators  were  forced  to  suspend  their 
own  activities  when  called  to  active  military  service,  but 
friends  and  agents  kept  the  work  alive,  though  in  rather  hap- 
hazard fashion.  The  accession  catalogues  (which  we  have) 
show  gaps  of  months  in  acquisitions,  and  then  intensive  col- 
lections for  short  periods.  The  entire  collection  was  olTered 
to  our  London  agents,  B.  F.  Stevens  &  Brown,  in  November, 
1920,  and  they  at  once  sent  to  us  the  accession  catalogues  with 
the  suggestion  that  we  cable  authority  to  purchase.  This  was 
done,  even  though  a  good  half  of  the  collection  is  duplication 
of  works  already  secured  by  us.  The  non-duplicate  portion 
was  worth  the  price.  Also  it  was  early  determined  not  to  be 
over  fearful  in  our  collection  efforts  of  the  question  of  dupli- 
cation. The  advice  of  the  Musee  de  la  Guerre  is,  in  fact,  to 
get  triple  sets  of  important  material,  if  obtainable,  since  later 
these  will  be  of  value  in  exchanges.  The  "War  Book  Club" 
collection  contains  1867  items  and  can  be  used  by  means  of  the 
original  accession  catalogues. 

United  States  National  War  Labor  Board  Docket. — This 
consists  of  eight  volumes  of  decisions  of  the  board  and  of  the 
minutes  of  board  meetings.    The  offer  to  make  up  this  record 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  53 

came  through  Mr.  Hugh  S.  Haiina,  of  the  Bureau  of  AppHed 
Economics,  Inc.,  in  Washington,  D.  C,  after  an  inquiry  ad- 
dressed by  us  to  the  Department  of  Labor  asking  whether  such 
material  was  in  print  and  obtainable.  It  was  not  in  print  and 
much  of  it  had  to  be  copied  from  the  one  typewritten  record 
in  the  possession  of  the  Bureau  of  Applied  Economics,  Inc. 
This  was  very  expensive  material,  but  in  cases  where  materials 
relate  to  industrial  or  to  food  questions  during  the  war,  ex- 
pense is  a  secondary  consideration. 


VII.  POSTERS,  PROCLAMATIONS  AND  ORDERS 

In  the  matter  of  large  posters  and  proclamations,  the 
decision  was  reached  early  not  to  attempt  any  comprehensive 
collection.  They  constitute,  unquestionably,  valuable  historical 
material,  though  the  usual  display  posters,  urging  war  loans, 
etc.  are  of  less  value  than  official  proclamations  and  orders. 
In  either  case  it  is  difficult  to  preserve  posters  for  use  by  stu- 
dents as  they  quickly  fall  to  pieces  on  repeated  folding  and 
handling,  and  their  size  in  itself  prevents  study  and  analysis 
by  comparison.  Picture  posters  especially  we  decided  to  neg- 
lect, and  in  the  result  are  satisfied  this  was  wise  since  in  many 
countries  splendid  miniature  reproductions  of  national  war 
picture  posters  are  now  being  issued  in'  album  form,  and  these 
albums  we  are  purchasing.  For  example,  the  Poster  Photo- 
graph Album,  issued  by  Thomas  J.  White,  Inc.,  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  is  a  beautiful  work  in  itself  and  offers  to  the  student  of 
such  materials  an  excellent  opportunity  to  make  comparisons 
of  the  twenty-five  hundred  posters  reproduced. 

Nevertheless  the  Hoover  War  Collection  has  several  thou- 
sand posters  from  all  the  countries  at  war.  These  have  come 
in,  usually,  in  gifts  of  other  materials  by  governments,  or  as 
odd  bits  in  some  special  collection  purchase.  The  only  type 
of  picture  poster,  of  which  we  may  be  said  to  have  anything 
like  a  special  collection,  is  of  Bolshevik  posters  from  Hungary 
and  from  the  Baltic  states.  But  in  the  case  of  proclamations 
and  orders,  an  exception  has  been  made  in  the  purchase  from 
Emil  Grimm,  in  Berlin,  of  a  complete  collection  of  official 
proclamations  and  posters  placarded  in  that  city  from  August, 
1914,  to  April  30,  1920,  over  2,300  pieces  in  all.  The  reason 
for  this  exception  is  our  effort  to  obtain  in  as  complete  a  form 
as  possible  all  materials  bearing  on  the  Spartacan  revolutions 
in  Germany,  and  the  special  proclamations  desired  were  appar- 
ently not  to  be  secured  except  by  purchase  of  the  Grimm  col- 
lection. 


VIII.     NEWSPAPERS  AND  PERIODICALS 

In  the  matter  of  newspaper  files  for  the  period  of  the  war 
our  original  intention  was  to  secure  merely  two  or  three  files 
from  each  country,  selecting  these,  as  nearly  as  possible,  on  the 
basis  of  obtaining  the  leading  paper  supporting  the  govern- 
ment, and  the  leading  anti-government  paper.  This  is  still  our 
general  plan,  and  still  incomplete,  for  the  pressure  of  other 
efforts  has  delayed  the  securing  of  newspaper  files  from 
several  countries.  Also  the  Hoover  War  Collection  will  not 
purchase  files  of  newspapers  or  periodicals  regularly  received 
by  the  University  Library. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  special  opportunities  have  oc- 
casionally arisen  to  secure  some  newspaper  files,  and  these 
have  been  acquired  as  the  opportunity  came.  The  list  given 
below  is  organized  in  groups,  as  a  rough  classification  of  types 
of  material. 

A.     Governmental  Digests  of  the  Newspaper  Press 
France — 

Bulletin  Quotidien  de  Presse  Etrangere 515  numbers 

Bulletin  Periodique  de  la  Presse 595  numbers 

Receuil  de  Documents  Etrangers 57  numbers 

Germany — 

Review  of  the  Foreign  Press  (incomplete) 700  numbers 

Great  Britain — 

British  Review  of  the  Foreign  Press,  with  various 

supplements   (incomplete)   1500  numbers 

Serbia — 

Review  of  the  Enemy  Press  from  the  Serbian  Press 

Bureau  in  Geneva  (complete  file) 1-85 

United  States — 

American  Expeditionary  Forces  Press  Review 1^73 

Summary  of  Air  Information 1-103 

Summary  of  Information 1-250 

Summary  of  Intelligence  1-286 

These  governmental  digests  are  invaluable  in  the  study  of 
the  war,  and  we  are  securing,  as  fast  as  possible,  missing 
numbers,  especially  of  the  British  digest. 


56 


THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 


B.     Foreign  Press  Files 

This  includes  a  few  leading  newspapers  from  the  more 
important  countries,  and  a  remarkably  complete  collection  of 
German  and  Austrian  newspapers  for  the  period  of  the  war, 
secured  partly  by  the  exchange  arrangement  with  the  Library 
of  Congress,  and  partly  by  purchase.  The  exchange  offer 
was  accepted  when  it  was  learned  that  the  incomplete  files  of 
duplicates  in  the  Library  of  Congress  could  be  completed  in 
many  cases,  by  buying  from  the  Carnegie  Institution  of  His- 
torical Research,  at  Washington,  the  files  used  by  that  body 
in  furnishing  the  Department  of  State  with  a  digest  of  the 
German  and  Austrian  press.  The  list  below  therefore  repre- 
sents the  combination  of  files  from  these  two  sources.  Not 
all  files  are  complete,  but  most  are  nearly  so,  and  this  ma- 
terial, when  organized  for  use  by  students,  should  prove  next 
in  importance  to  that  at  the  Library  of  Congress. 


Algemeen  handelsblad  ( N  i  e  w  e 
Amsterdamsche  Courant),  Am- 
sterdam. 

A.  B.  C,  Madrid. 

Arbeiter  Zeitung,  Wicn. 

Avanti,  Milan. 

Berliner  Borsenzeitung. 

Berliner  Tageblatt. 

Berliner  Lokal  Anzeiger. 

Corriere  della  sera,  Rome. 

Daily  Chronicle,  London. 

Daily  Herald,  London. 

Deutsche  Allgemeines  Zeitung. 
Berlin. 

Deutsche   Reichsanzeiger,   Berlin. 

Deutsche  Tageszeitung,   Berlin. 

Frankfurter  Zeitung. 

Germania,  Berlin. 

Giornale  d'ltalia,  Rome. 

Hamburger  Fremdenblatt. 

Hamburger  Nachrichten. 

Idea  Nazionale,  Rome 

Tmparcial   (El),  Rome. 


Journal  de  Geneve,  Geneva. 

Kolnische  Volkszeitung. 

Kolnische  Zeitung. 

Leipziger  Neueste   Nachrichten. 

Leipziger  Volkszeitung. 

Muenchener  Neuste  Nachrichten. 

Muenchener  Post. 

Neue  Freie  Presse.  Wien. 

Neue  Preussische  Zeitung,  Berlin. 

Neues  Wiener  Journal. 

Neues  Wiener  Tageblatt. 

Nieuwe   Rotterdamsche   Courant. 

Osservatore  Romanao,  Rome. 

Politiken.  Copenhaven. 

Pester  Lloyd,  Budapest. 

Post  (Die),  Berlin. 

Reichspost,  Wien. 

Rheinische    Westfalische    Zeitung, 

Essen. 
Schwabischer  Merkur,   Stuttgart. 
Sol  (El),  Madrid. 
Tag  (Der),  Berlin. 
Tagliche  Rundschau,  Berlin. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  57 

Telegraaf,  Amsterdam.  Vorwarts,  Berlin. 

Tribuna   (La),   Madrid.  Vossische  Zeitung,  Berlin. 

Le  XX®  Siecle,  Brussels.  Westminster  Gazette. 

Unita   (L'),  Rome.  Zeit  (Die),  Wien. 

C.  Belgian  Papers 

(Published  in  Belgium  and  Holland.) 

[As  already  noted,  this  was  a   special  purchase   of 
files  from  the  firm  of  Martinus  Nijhoff,  The  Hague] 

Antwerpsche  Tijdingen,  Antwerp.  L'Echo  de  Bruxelles. 

Le  Beige.  L'Exil,  Valkenburg. 

La   Belgique.      (Organe  quotidien  Gazet  van  Belgie.     (La  Belgique.) 

des  refugies  beiges  en  Hollande  't  Getrouwe  Maldeghem. 

Bergen  op  Zoom.)  L'Information.   "Belgische  Sonn-u, 
Belgisch  Dagblad.  Montagszeitung." 

Bulletin  des  comites  et  des  oeuvres  La  Libre  Belgique. 

beiges      aux      Pays-Bas,      The  Liste  des  Beiges  internes  dans  les 

Hague.  Pays-Bas. 

Le  Compatriote.      (Journal  quoti-  Le  Socialiste  Beige,  Rotterdam. 

dien    destine   aux    refugies   bel-  Het  Vlaamsche  Land,  Rotterdam. 

ges.)  Vlaamsch  Leven,  Brussels. 

L'Echo  Beige,  Amsterdam.  De  Vlaamsche  Stem,  Amsterdam. 

L'Echo  de  Belgique,  London.  Vrij  Belgic. 

D.  Trench  Papers 

Several  special  collections  of  such  papers  have  been  offered 
to  us  for  purchase  but  they  have  been  declined  for  two  reasons : 
first,  absurdly  extravagant  prices  asked ;  second,  the  question- 
able historical  value  of  the  papers  themselves.  Yet,  there  is 
one  type  of  trench  paper,  principally  used  by  the  Gemans,  that 
has  real  value.  This  is  the  government  issued  trench  paper,  in 
which,  for  a  regiment,  or  some  special  unit,  home  news  and 
the  news  of  the  war  were  offered  to  the  soldiers.  These  papers 
are  worth  study  as  showing  what  the  government  was  willing 
its  soldiers  should  know.  The  ordinary  type  of  trench  paper 
is  the  product  of  some  small  military  unit,  usually  a  regiment, 
or  at  times  a  company,  and  has  little  general  war  history  value, 
though  often  extremely  interesting  in  itself.  Merely  that  we 
might  have  an  example  of  what  trench  papers  were,  one  col- 
lection of  samples  was  purchased,  and  as  it  was  secured  from 


58 


THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 


Nijhoff,  at  The  Hague,  it  consists  mainly  of  German  trench 
papers. 


Armee-Zeitung. 

Ausernsten  Tagen,  Bern. 

Canard  du  Boyau. 

Champagne-Kamerad. 

Courrier  de  I'Armee. 

Belgrader  Nachrichten,  Belgrade. 

Der  Beobdachter. 

Bilderbogen  zur  Zeitung  der  10. 
Armee. 

Bilderschau  der  Wilnaer  Zeitung. 

Boot's  Comrades  in  Khaki. 

Am  Bosporus,  Deutsche  Soldaten- 
zeutung,  Konstantinople. 

La  Buffa. 

Deutsche  Kriegswochenschau. 

Deutsche  Lodzer  Zeitung. 

Deutsche  Soldatenpost. 

Deutsche  Warschauer  Zeitung. 

Deutsches  Offizierblatt. 

Drahtverhau,   Der. 

Diina-Zeitung. 

Echo  de  Bulgarie,  Sofia. 

Echo  de  Trancheesville. 

L'Echo  de  Varsovie,  Geneva. 

Echo  des  Marmites. 

Eigenbrodler,  Der. 

Fall  In!  The  Duke  of  Cam- 
bridge's Own. 

Feldgrave. 

Feldpost,  Deutsch  Osterreichische. 

Feldzeitung  der  Armee.  Abteilung 
Gronau. 

Feldzeitung  der  Bug  Armee. 

Feldzeitung  der  5  Armee. 

Feldzeitung  der  4  Armee. 

Front  Feldwochenschrift. 

Front,  Le. 

Garde  Feld  Post,  Berlin. 

Gubener  Kriegszeitung. 

Horchposten,  Der. 

Illustrierte  Kriegszeitung. 


Journal  du  Soldat,  Le,  Paris. 

Kent  Fencible,  The. 

Khaki. 

Kownoer  Zeitung. 

Kriegs-Zeitung  der  7  Armee. 

Kriegs  Zeitung  der  Festung  Bor- 

kum,  Borkum. 
Kriegs-Zeitung  f iir  das  XV  Armee 

Korps. 
Landbouwer,   De,   Brussels. 
Lampione,  II. 
Leuchtkugel. 
Liebesgabe    zur    Armee    Zeitung, 

Wilna. 
Liller  Kriegszeitung. 
Mauer,  Die. 

Meldreiter  im  Sundgau. 
Mitausche  Zeitung. 
National  Volunteer,  The. 
Nil,  Le,  Lausanne. 
Onze  Temschenaars. 
Ostgalizische     Feldzeitung,     Lem- 

berg. 
Parole,  Deutsche  Krieger  Zeitung, 

Berlin. 
Periscope,  Le. 

Petit  Echo  du  IS^  Territorial,  Le. 
Poilu,  Le. 

Poilu  sans  Poil,  Le. 
Propeller,  Zurich. 
Putna  Zeitung.  Focsani. 
Rire  aux  Eclats,  Le. 
Sachsen  im  Feld  und  in  der  Hei- 

mat. 
Sappe,  Die. 
Schein    Werfer.      Bildheilage    zur 

Zeitung  der  10.  Armee,  Wilna. 
Scheuner  Kriegszeitung.     Hanno- 

versche  Landsturmzeitung. 
Schweizer  Schutzengraber. 
Seelenachse. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITV  59 

Somme-Wacht.    Kriegszeitung  der  Unser  Landstruni  in  Ilennegau. 

1  Armee.  Vogesen  Wacht. 

Sozialdemokratische   Fcldpost.  Wacht  im  Osten. 

Stosstrupp,  Der.  Wilnacr  Zeitung. 

Strefflcur's  Militarblatt.  Zeebriiggcr  Tageblatt,  Zeebrijgge. 

Tiroler  Soldatenzeitung.  Zeitung  der  10  Armee,  Wilna. 

Toorts,  De.  Zwischen  Maas  und  Alosel. 
Turkische  Humoristiscli  Satirische 

Wochenschrift,  Stamuul. 

E.     Miscellaneous  Newspapers  and  Serials  Secured  by 
Purchases,  Gift  or  by  Exchange 

(The  files  here  listed  are  not  in  all  cases  complete  for  the  war  period. 
If  anyone  desires  to  know  just  what  numbers  we  have  of  a  certain  file, 
or  files,  we  shall  be  glad  to  furnish  this  information.  It  will  be  noted  that 
in  many  cases  the  serials  are  the  organs  of  societies  previously  listed, 
but  as  these  serials  are  regular  news  publications,  they  are  here  enumer- 
ated.) 

1.  Newspaper  Serials  Published  in  the  British  Empire. 
Allotments  and  Gardens.     (London.) 
Anglo-Italian  Review,  The.     (London.) 
Balkan  Review,  The.     (London.) 
Better  Business.     (Winnipeg.) 
Bqokseller,  The.     (London.) 

British  and  Latin  American  Trade  Gazette.     (London.) 
British  Citizen  and  Empire  Worker,  The.     (London.) 
British  Temperance  Advocate.     (Sheffield.) 
Bulletin  Mensuel  de  la  Chambre  de  Commerce  Franqaise  de  Londres. 

(London.) 
Bulletin  of  the  Alliance  Franqaise. 

Bulletin  of  the  British  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  Paris.     (Paris.) 
Bulletin  of  the  Federation  of  British  Industries.     (London.) 
Bulletin  of  the  Imperial  Institute.     (London.) 
Bulletin  of  the  Russian  Liberation  Committee.    (London.) 
Catholic  Monthly  Letters. 
Central  Africa.     (London.) 
Charity  Organization  Review.     (London.) 
Church  Army  Review.     (London.) 
Clerk,  The.     (London.) 
Common  Sense.     (London.) 
Commonweal,  The.     (London.) 
Comrades  Journal.     (London.) 
Conservative  Clubs  Gazette.     (London.) 


60  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Co-Partnership.     (London.) 

Covenant,  The.     (London.) 

Democrat,  The.     (London  and  Birmingham.) 

Dockers'  Record,  The.     (London.) 

Empire  Review.     (London.) 

English  Race.  * 

English  Review. 

Esthonian  Review-.     (London.) 

Federationist,  The.     (London  and  Birmingham.) 

Forward.     (Glasgow.) 

Friend,  The.     (London.) 

Friend  of  Armenia.     (London.) 

Future,  The.     (London.) 

Goodwill.     (London.) 

Guerra.  La  (in  Italian).     (London.) 

Guerre,  La.    (London.) 

Headquarters  Gazette   (Boy  Scouts  Association).     (London.) 

Headway.     (London.) 

Highway,  The.     (London.) 

Imperial  Colonist.     (London.) 

Imperial  Commerce.     (London.) 

Imperial  Patriots.     (London.) 

Indian  Magazine.     (London.) 

Individualist,  The.     (London.) 

Industrial  League  Journal.     (London.) 

International,  The.     (Johannesburg,  South  Africa.) 

John  Bull.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  African  Society.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  Amalgamated  Union  of  Corporated  Employees.  (Man- 
chester.) 

Journal  pi  the  Canadian  Bankers'  Association.     (Toronto.) 

Journal  of  the  Central  and  Associated  Chambers  of  Agriculture. 
(London.) 

Journal  of  the  East  India  Association.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  Farmers  Club.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  Institute  of  Bankers.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  London  Society.     (London.) 

Journal  of  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution.  (London.) 

Land  and  Liberty.     (London.) 

Land  Nationalizer.     (London-) 

Land  Union  Journal.     (London.) 

League,  The.     (London.) 

League  of  Nations  Journal.     (London.) 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  61 

Liberal  Magazine.     (London.) 

Library  Association  Record.     (London.) 

London  Daily  Times. 

Malthusian,  The.  (London.) 

Modern  Review.     (Calcutta.) 

Monthly  Bulletin  of  the  Imperial  Commercial  Association.     (London.) 

Monthly    Circular    of    the    Association    of    Municipal     Corporations. 

(London.) 
Monthly  Leaflet  of  the  Women's  Farm  and  Garden  Union.     (London.) 
Monthly  News  Sheet  (Women's  International  League.)      (London.) 
Monthly  Proceedings  of  the  Association  of  Chambers  of  Commerce  of 

the,  United  Kingdom.     (London.) 
Monthly   Report   of   the  Admiralty  and   Outposts   Clerical   Federation 

(succeeded  by  "The  Scribe").     (London.) 
Monthly  Review  of  Business  and  Trade  Conditions  in  South  America. 

(London.) 
National  Church.     (London.) 
National  Review.     (London.) 
Nautical  Magazine.    (Glassgow.) 
Navy,  The.     (London.) 
New  East,  The. 
New  Europe.     (London.) 
New  Poland.     (London.) 
New  Witness,  The.     (London.) 

News  and  Notes  (Agricultural  Organization  Society.)     (London.) 
News  Sheet  of  the  Bribery  and  Secret  Commissions  Prevention  League. 

(London.) 
Notes  from  Ireland.     (Dublin.) 

Official  Gazette  of  the  County  Councils  Association.     (London.) 
Overseas.     (London.) 
Palestine.     (Manchester.) 
Polish  Review,  The.     (London.) 
Political  Bulletin.     (London.) 
Post,  The.     (London.) 
Primrose  League  Gazette.     (London.) 
Production.     (London.) 
Protestant  Alliance  Magazine.     (London.) 
Quarterly  Review.     (London.) 
Railway  Review.     (London.) 
Reality.  (London.) 
Red  Crpss,  The.     (London.) 
Red  Triangle  Magazine.     (London.) 
Review  of  Reviews.     (London.) 


62  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Round  Table,  The.     (London.) 

Russian  Commonwealth.     (London.) 

Scribe,  The.     (London.) 

Seaman,  The.    London.) 

Shield,  The.     (London.) 

Socialist  Review.     (London.) 

Soldiers  Gazette.     (Montreal.) 

Tariff  Reformer.     (London.) 

Today  and  Tomorrow.     (London.) 

United  Empire.     (London.) 

Unity.     (London.) 

Vaccination  Inquirer.     (London.) 

Victorian  Producer.     (Melbourne.) 

War,  The.     (London.) 

War  Magazine.     (London.) 

White  Ribbon,  The.  (London.) 

Woman  Worker,  The.     (London.) 

Women's  Trade  Union  Review.     (London.) 

World,  The.     (London.) 

World's  Labor  Laws.     (London.) 

2.  Serials  Published  in  Paris,  France 
Action  Frangaise. 
Action  Sociale  de  la  Femme. 
Afrique  Franqaise. 
Asia  Frangaise. 
Avenir  Syndical. 
Bulletin  de  I'Alliance  Frangaise. 
Bulletin  de  I'Association  Centrale  pour  la  Reprise  de  I'Activite  Indus- 

trielle. 
Bulletin  de  I'Association  Italo-Franqaise  d'Expansion  Economique. 
Bulletin  de  I'Esthonie. 

Bulletin  de  la  Ligue  Nationale  Anti-Austro-Allemande. 
Bulletin  de  Propagande  Frangaise. 
Bulletin  des  Refugies  du  Pas-de-Calais. 
Bulletin  d'Information  Bureau  Ukrainien  de  Presse. 
Bulletin  du  Comite  Franco-Brittanique. 
Bulletin  du  Parti  Republicain  Radical  et  Radical-Socialiste. 
Bulletin  Mensuel  de  I'Alliance  Universitaire. 
Bulletin  Mensuel  du  Syndicat  des  Mecaniciens,  etc. 
Bulletin  Officiel  de  la  Ligue  des  Droits  de  I'Homme. 
Bulletin  Trimestriel  de  I'Alliance  Nationale  pour  I'Accroissement  de  la 

Population  Frangaise. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  63 

Bulletin  Yougoslave. 

Coree  Libre. 

Droit  des  Femmes. 

Employe. 

Expansion  Economique. 

Femme  et  I'Enfant. 

France-Amerique. 

France-Italic. 

Jewish  Tribune. 

Journal  des  Debats. 

L'Excelsior. 

Le  Figaro. 

L'Homme  Enchain. 

L'Homme  Libre. 

L'Intransigeant. 

Le  Matin. 

Lettre  du  Soldat.     (No  indication  where  published.) 

Ligue  Maritime. 

Monde  Industriel  et  Commercial. 

Nation  Tcheque. 

Nouvelles  Religieuses. 

Oceanie  Franqaise. 

Paix  par  le  Droit. 

Plus  Grande  Famille. 

Progres  Civique. 

Revue  Baltique. 

Revue  Hebedomadaire. 

Toute  la  France  Debout  pour  la  Victoire. 

Tribune  Juive. 

Voix  de  I'Armenie. 

3.  Serials  Published  in  the  United  States 
(o)  Daily  Newspapers 

Complete  files  of  daily  newspapers  (for  the  period  of  the  war,  1914- 
1919,  inclusive)  were  received  through  the  exchange  agreement  with 
the  Library  of  Congress. 

Boston  Globe.  New  York  Evening  Post. 

Boston  Post.  New  York  Evening  Sun. 

Brooklyn  Eagle.  New  York  Herald. 

Chicago  Herald  and  Examiner.  New  York  Morning    Sun. 

Chicago  Tribune.  New  York  Tribune. 

New  York  American.  New  York  World. 

New  York  Evening  Journal. 


64  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION" 

(b)   General  Serials 
Adriatic  Review.  (Boston.) 
Advocate  of  Peace.     (Washington.) 
American  Federationist. 

American  Labor  Legislation  Review.     (New  York.) 
Americas,  The.    (New  York.) 
Apszrieta   (in  Lithuanian).     (Plymouth,  Pa.) 
Avanti.     (Chicago.) 

Bricklayer,  Mason  and  Plasterer.     (Indianapolis.) 
Bulletin  of  the  League  of  Free  Nations  Association.     (New  York.) 
Bulletin  of  the  National  Catholic  War  Council.     (Washington.) 
Bulletin  of  the  Russian  Information  Bureau.     (New  York.) 
Canado-Americain  (officiel  journal  de  1' Association  Canado-Araericain). 

(Manchester,  N.  H.) 
Chase,  The.     (New  York.) 
Commerce  Monthly.     (New  York.) 
Detroiter,  The.     (Detroit.) 
Fatherland,  The.     (New  York.) 
Free  Poland.     (Washington.) 
Friend,  The.    (Philadelphia.) 
Guaranty  News.     (New  York.) 
How  To  Live.     (New  York.) 
Indian's  Friend.     (New  York.) 
Intelligencer,  The.     (New  York.) 
Intercollegiate  Socialist.     (New  York.) 
Intercollegiate  Statesman.     (Chicago.) 
Jewish  Immigration.     (New  York.) 
Journal  of  American  History.     (Albany,  N.  Y.) 
Journal  of  the  National  Institute  of  Social  Sciences.     (New  York.) 
Law  and  Labor.     (New  York.) 
Modern  Business  Supplement. 

Monthly  Circular  of  the  National  City  Bank  of  New  York. 
Monthly  Illustrated  National  Herald  (in  Greek).     (New  York.) 
National  Economic  League  Quarterly.     (Boston.) 
National  Marine.     (Cooperstown,  N.  Y.) 
National  Municipal  Review.     (Concord,  N.  H.) 
Navy,  The.     (Washington.) 

News  Letter  of  the  Irish  National  Bureau.     (Washington.) 
New  York  Times  Current  History  of  the  World  War. 
Organized  Labor.     (San  Francisco.) 
Pacific  Cooperator.     (San  Francisco.) 
Proportional  Representation  Review. 
Reconstruction.     (Published  for  the  Relief  Missions  of  the  Society  of 

Friends.) 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  65 

Reforma  Social.     (New  York.) 

Royal  Neighbor.     (Rock  Island,  111.) 

Royal  Service.     (Baltimore,  Md.) 

Security  News.     (Topeka,  Kans.) 

Serbia.     (New  York.) 

Silver  Cross.     (Cooperstown,  N.  Y.) 

Socialist  World.     (Chicago.) 

South  American,  The.     (New  York.) 

Soviet  Russia.     (New  York.) 

Stars  and  Stripes  (Photographic  Reproduction). 

Struggling  Russia.     (New  York.) 

Suffragist,  The.     (Washington.) 

Sunshine  Bulletin.     (New  York.) 

Transactions  of  the   Commonwealth   Club   of   California.      (San   F"ran- 

cisco.) 
Under  Two  Flags.     (New  York.) 
War  Work  Bulletin.     (Y.  W.  C.  A.)     (New  York.) 
Weekly  People.     (New  York.) 
Young  Democracy.     (New  York.) 

4.  List  of  United  Netherlands  Publications 
Bewegining.     (Amsterdam.) 
Dietsche  Stemmen.     (Utrecht.) 
Gids,  De.    (Amsterdam.) 

Herald  of  Peace  and  International  Arbitration. 
Het  Leven.     (Amsterdam.) 
Katholicke  Maandbrieren.     (Freiburg.) 
Maandelijksche  Katholicke  Brieven.     (London.) 
Nieuwe  Gids,  De. 
Nieuwe  Rotterdamsche  Courant. 
Nouvelles  de  Hollande.     (Hague.) 
Oorlogskronick. 
Toekomst,  De.     (Amsterdam.) 
Toekmostige  Vrede,  De.     (Hague.) 
Van  Onzen  Tijd.     (Amsterdam.) 
Vrede  Door  Recht.     (Gravenhage.) 

5.  German  Publications  Not  Included  in  Library  of  Congress 
Exchange  List 
Amtliche  Nachrichten.     (Vienna.) 
Deutsche  Kriegszeitung.     (Berlin.) 
Frankische  Kurier.     (Frankfort-am-Main.) 
Grosere  Deutschland.     (Dresden.) 
Krieg,  Der. 


66  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

Mittel-Europa.     (Berlin.) 

Preussische  Jahrbiicher.     (Berlin.) 

Rote  Fahne,  Die.     (Riga.) 

Siiddeutsche  Monatshefte.     (Munich.) 

Velhagcn  und  Klasing's  Monatshefte.     (Berlin.) 

War  Chronicle.     (Berlin.) 

6.  Russian  Newspapers,  Bolshevik 

Pravda.     (Daily,  Sept.,  1919-June,  1920).     (Petrograd.) 

Derevenskia  Communa  (Rural  Commune).     (Petrograd.) 

Bednota  (Poverty).     (Moscow.) 

Volia  Truda  (Will  of  Labor).     (Moscow,  1918.) 

Communar.     (Moscow,  1918.) 

Severnia  Communa  (Northern  Commune).     (Petrograd,  1919.) 

Znamia  Trudovoi  Commune  (The  Flag  of  the  Labor  Commune).     ( Pet- 
rograd (?),  1918.) 

Bulletin    Prodovolstvennaho    Otdela    (Bulletin   of   Food    Department). 
(Moscow,  1918.) 

Izvestia. 

7.  Serials  Not  Classified  by  Countries 

Bulletin  de  Latvia.     (Published  by  the  Ministere  des  Affaires  Etran- 
geres.)      (Riga.) 

Bulletin  Yougoslave.     (Geneva.) 

Economic  and  Financial  Conditions  in  Brazil.     (Rio  de  Janeiro.) 

Estonian  Review.     (Reval.) 

Gazette  de  Prague.     (Prague.) 

Latvian  Economist.     (Riga.) 

National  Economy.     (Moscow.) 

Near  East  Relief  (formerly  called  "The  Acorne").     (Constantinople). 

Neue  Europa.     (Zurich.) 

Orient,  The.     (Constantinople.) 

Reconstruction.     (Vienna.) 

Red  Cross  Bulletin.     (Riga.) 

River  Plate  American.  (Buenos  Aires.) 

Second  People's  War  (in  Russian).     (Petrograd.) 

Waldibas  Wehstnesis  (in  Latvian).     (Riga.) 

War  Chronicle  (in  Russian).     (Petrograd.) 

8.  Illustrated  Serials  Published  in  Oriental  Languages  as  British 
Propaganda  During  the  War 

Jangi  Akhbar  (in  Hindi  language).    39  numbers. 

Satya-Vani  (in  Tamil  language).     57  numbers. 

Chinese  language,  60  numbers. 

Japanese  language,  58  numbers. 

Urdu  language,  70  numbers. 


IX.     WAR  PROPAGANDA 

Differentiated  from  "Delegation  Propaganda,"  which  con- 
sists primarily  of  materials  issued  to  influence  the  decisions 
of  the  Peace  Conference,  is  what  may  be  called  "War  Propa- 
ganda." This  was  issued  by  all  the  states  during  the  war  to 
bolster  up  national  fighting  zeal,  to  encourage  allies,  to  influence 
neutrals,  and  generally  to  set  forth  the  just  cause  and  purpose 
of  the  belligerent.  Each  nation  usually  had  an  official  com- 
mittee in  charge  of  such  propaganda.  The  printed  materials 
issued  were  of  all  sorts — books,  pamphlets,  posters,  post  cards, 
newspapers,  etc., — bearing  evidence  that  they  were  the  direct 
product  of  a  government-authorized  press.  But  in  addition 
each  state  used  many  subordinate  non-official  agencies,  some- 
times individual  authors,  sometimes  societies.  There  is  much, 
for  example,  in  the  society  publications  of  France  and  of  Great 
Britain  which  is  really  governmental  war  propaganda.  Much 
of  this  type  of  publication  seems  now  of  minor  historical  value, 
yet  during  the  war  was  of  great  significance,  and  it  should  be 
found  in  any  comprehensive  war  history  collection.  We  are 
therefore  gathering  war  propaganda  wherever  available,  and 
have  representative  lots  from  all  the  greater  powers,  with  a 
very  complete  collection  from  Great  Britain. 

United  States. — Beginning  with  America's  entrance  into 
the  war,  both  the  History  Department  and  the  Library  of  Stan- 
ford University  began  collections  of  American  war  propaganda, 
and  these  are  fairly  complete  for  anything  directly  issued  under 
government  authority. 

Germany. — In  Berlin,  in  August,  1919,  a  request  was  made 
for  a  selection  of  war  propaganda  and  this  was  later  sent  to 
us  in  Paris,  but  was  not  at  all  a  comprehensive  lot  of  such 
materials,  being  rather  those  publications  which,  in  1919,  the 
German  Foreign  Office  was  issuing  as  new  material,  or  was 
reissuing  as  still  applicable  in  setting  forth  Germany's  position. 
We  have,  however,  through  the  materials  received  in  the  Smith 


68  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

purchase,  and  through  that  found  in  the  British  Ministry  of 
Information  Library  (noted  below),  a  good  collection  of 
German  war  propaganda. 

France. — A  collection  of  this  type  of  material  was  made 
for  us  by  the  official  French  propaganda  bureau,  but  as  in 
sending  it  to  us  it  was  not  differentiated  from  French  "Delega- 
tion Propaganda,"  it  still  stands  in  our  collection  under  the 
latter  classification.  Ultimately,  it  must  be  segregated  accord- 
ing to  our  own  judgment  as  to  where  it  belongs. 

Other  Belligerents  Except  Great  Britain. — No  special  col- 
lections of  war  propaganda  have  been  secured  from  the  other 
belligerent  nations,  but  all  are  well  represented  in  the  materials 
of  the  British  Ministry  of  War  Information  Library. 

Great  Britain. — War  propaganda  was  very  highly  organized 
in  Great  Britain,  and,  it  may  be  added,  more  intelligently 
organized  for  eftect  in  each  locality  where  it  was  to  be  dis- 
tributed, than  by  any  other  nation.  Early  in  the  war  a  part  of 
the  Foreign  Office  staff  was  commissioned  to  supervise  propa- 
ganda, and  they,  with  their  associates,  became  known  as 
"Wellington  House,"  by  which  were  issued  vast  quantities  of 
material.  Wellington  House  put  out  its  own  materials,  the 
materials  of  approved  works,  authorized  and  acknowledged 
works  published  by  private  individuals,  and  distributed  pri- 
vately published  works  which  it  did  not  acknowledge.  It  kept 
a  confidential  catalogue  of  all  this  material  and  in  London  I 
was  permitted,  through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Headlam  Morley 
of  the  Foreign  Office  to  examine  this  catalogue,  and  to  check 
up  on  it  all  works  not  already  in  our  possession.  These  were 
then  gathered  by  the  librarian,  Mr.  Alec  W.  G.  Randall,  and 
given  to  the  Hoover  \\'ar  Collection.  Thus  we  have  a  very 
complete  collection  of  British  governmental  war  propaganda. 
Much  to  our  regret  it  was  not  thought  possible  to  give  us  a 
copy  of  the  confidential  catalogue  itself. 

This  W^ellington  House  collection  contains  all  sorts  of 
material — government  documents  distributed  as  propaganda, 
books,  pamphlets,   magazines,   and   newspapers.     Among  the 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  69 

last  named  are  files  of  very  interesting  pictorial  propaganda 
newspapers  in  Oriental  languages,  which  were  circulated  in 
Asia  Minor.  The  collection  contains  also  publications  not 
necessarily  produced  either  under  or  by  direction  of  govern- 
ment, but  the  distribution  of  which  government  thought  de- 
sirable, and  of  which  it  acquired  stocks. 

Ministry  of  Information  Library. — In  organizing  the 
British  propaganda  to  be  issued  by  Wellington  House,  a  special 
effort  was  made  by  the  Foreign  Office  to  gather  enemy  propa- 
ganda, that  this  might  be  studied  and  met  in  the  British  pub- 
lications. There  came  into  existence  at  the  Foreign  Office, 
therefore,  a  unique  library  of  enemy  propaganda,  and  into 
it  was  gathered  also  every  kind  of  publication  from  all  the 
nations  at  war,  and  even  from  neutrals,  that  might  by  studv 
reveal  governmental  and  popular  attitude  toward  the  war.  The 
materials  in  this  collection  were  rubber  stamped  "Ministry  of 
Information,"  but  officials  speaking  of  it  usually  called  it  the 
"\^'ar  Information  Library."  For  all  this  somewhat  chaotic 
material,  a  special  study  was  made  by  experts  and  condensed 
into  a  printed  confidential  analysis  of  enemy  propaganda  for 
each  nation  of  the  world,  showing  authors,  title  of  work,  char- 
acter, and  suggestion  as  to  how  British  propaganda  should 
meet  it.  A  copy  of  this  confidential  analysis  we  have,  and  it  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  documents  in  the  Hoover  War 
Collection.  Also,  we  have  a  large  portion  of  the  Ministry  of 
Information  Library  itself. 

This  came  into  our  possession  in  the  following  way. 
Talking  one  day  with  Mr.  A.  Forbes  Sieveking,  F.  S.  A., 
librarian  of  the  Imperial  War  Museum,  he  made  mention  of 
the  collection  at  the  Foreign  Office,  stating  that  I  ought  to 
examine  it,  and  suggesting  that  portions  of  it  might  be  given 
to  us,  since  the  collection  was  even  then  being  picked  over 
by  various  interested  persons.  ISh.  Sieveking  gave  me  a  letter 
of  introduction  to  the  official  immediately  in  charge  of  the 
library,  who  in  turn  promptly  took  me  to  the  top  floor  of  the 
Foreign  Office,  where,  on  rows  of  dusty  attic  shelves,  the  col- 


70  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

lection  had  been  dumped  and  I  was  informed  that  within  the 
week  it  was  planned  to  permit  some  interested  collectors  to 
pick  over  the  shelves  and  then  to  box  or  destroy  the  remainder, 
as  no  longer  of  any  use  or  interest.  Briefly,  here  was  a  bulky 
"remainder'"  of  the  workshop  materials  of  British  war  propa- 
ganda, which  was  occupying  much  space  and  which  the 
custodian  wished  to  get  rid  of.  A  hasty  examination  of  some 
few  shelves  showed  that  we  had  already  secured  some  of  this 
material,  but  that  there  was  much  of  value  for  our  collection, 
and  an  offer  was  at  once  made  to  solve  the  custodian's  prob- 
lem by  taking  the  whole  lot.  This  offer  was  accepted  on  con- 
dition that  it  be  removed  within  a  week.  Mr.  Binkley  was  sent 
the  next  morning  armed  with  rolls  of  packing  paper  and  twine 
to  tie  up  in  small  bundles  everything  on  the  assigned  shelves, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  week,  having  hired  a  fleet  of  taxis,  we 
were  the  center  of  some  interest  in  Downing  Street,  as  we 
carried  out  and  conveyed  to  Stevens  and  Brown,  in  Trafalgar 
Square,  the  War  Information  Library.  The  packages,  properly 
boxed,  were  shipped  five  days  later  to  Stanford  University. 

This  "library,"  as  we  are  bit  by  bit  getting  it  into  shape, 
has  proved  one  of  the  most  interesting  collections  so 
far  secured.  Undoubtedly,  Mr.  Sieveking,  and  others,  had 
already  selected  from  it  what  they  desired,  and  what  we  have 
is  therefore  a  "remainder,"  but  even  so  it  numbers  some  four 
thousand  items,  and  contains  representative  propaganda 
material  of  every  conceivable  type  and  from  every  nation  in 
the  world.  Books,  pamphlets,  reviews,  newspapers,  drawings, 
cartoons,  illustrative  material,  manuscripts— all  are  there,  as 
also  bits  of  written  memoranda  and  personal  letters  by  the  ex- 
perts set  to  digest  and  answer  enemy,  or  neutral,  propaganda. 
As  a  collection  in  itself,  the  War  Information  Library  has 
great  historical  interest,  both  because  it  reveals  and  repre- 
sents the  mechanism  of  a  distinct  British  war  effort,  and  also 
for  the  marginal  notations  by  the  experts,  some  of  whom  were 
distinguished  lights  of  English  letters.  It  is  not  uninteresting 
that  within  the  week  after  this  collection  was  on  the  high  seas 


STANFORD  UNIVERFITY  71 

enroute  to  America,  I  chanced  to  meet  at  an  afternoon  tea  the 
gentleman  who  had  been  most  largely  responsible  during-  the 
war  for  the  gathering  of  this  library,  and  learned  from  him 
many  details  of  its  collection.  He  stated  that  he  had  just  written 
the  Foreign  Office,  suggesting  the  preservation  of  the  library 
intact  as  unique  in  itself  and  as  evidence  of  a  unique  under- 
taking. 

The  total  number  of  items  that  may  be  classified  as  "war 
propaganda"  is  approximately  nine  thousand.  Very  little  of 
this  material  has  been  catalogued  but  it  has  been  segregated  by 
sources  of  origin  and  of  acquisition,  and  by  countries,  and  is 
thus  available  for  use  by  research  students. 


X.     BALTIC  STATES,  RUSSIA  AND  SOUTHEASTERN 

EUROPE 

In  the  work  of  collection  up  to  midsummer  of  1920,  little 
had  been  attempted  or  accomplished  in  Russia,  or  in  the  states 
newly  created  out  of  the  former  Russian  Empire.  At  Paris, 
delegation  propaganda  had  been  secured  from  these  states, 
and  from  Finland  a  special  collection,  as  already  noted,  of 
government  documents  and  general  works.  Otherwise  this 
section  of  Europe  was  an  unworked  field.  In  the  summer 
quarter  of  Stanford  University,  1920,  Professor  F.  A.  Colder, 
of  the  Washington  State  College,  at  Pullman,  carried  regular 
instruction  in  the  Department  of  History.  He  was  greatly 
interested  in  our  collection  efforts  and  his  familiarity  with 
Russia  led  to  his  appointment  as  an  agent  of  the  Hoover  War 
Collection  with  a  general  roving  commission,  but  with  the 
primary  purpose  of  securing  Baltic  and  Russian  materials. 
He  had  been  at  St.  Petersburg  when  the  war  broke  out  in  1914, 
and  later  had  served  with  the  Stevens  Railway  Commission  in 
Russia.  Still  later  he  had  been  the  "expert"  for  Ukraine 
and  Lithuania  for  the  Colonel  House  Commission  of  historians 
preparing  American  studies  to  be  used  at  the  Peace  Conference. 
It  was  hoped  that  conditions  might  permit  his  getting  into 
Soviet  Russia,  but  this  has  not  proved  feasible,  hence  his  work 
has  largely  been  done  on  the  fringes  of  that  country. 

Mr.  Colder  started  for  Europe  in  September,  1920,  to  be 
gone  a  year  in  collection  work.  It  is  not  yet  possible  to  give 
anything  like  a  complete  analysis  of  his  results,  for  the  bulk 
of  the  materials  secured,  though  shipped,  has  not  yet  been 
received.  Also  certain  arrangements  made  with  local  agents 
and  officials  are  in  process  of  completion,  and  will  not  be  con- 
cluded until  Mr.  Golder's  return  to  the  Baltic  countries  in  the 
summer  of  1921.  A  brief  summary  of  parts  visited  and  col- 
lections made,  or  initiated,  will,  however,  indicate  the  general 
results  to  date  of  his  trip. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  7Z 

Proceeding  first  to  London  and  then  to  Paris,  in  both  of 
which  places  contacts  were  estabhshed  with  Russians  able  to 
secure  for  us  valuable  materials  on  the  earlier  period  of  the 
war  and  even  of  the  first  revolutionary  movement,  Mr.  Colder 
next  stopped  at  Coblentz.  Here,  through  the  interest  and 
courtesy  of  General  Henry  T.  Allen,  and  of  others  in  the  Amer- 
ican Army  of  Occupation,  eflforts  were  begun  for  gathering  data 
showing  the  work  of  that  army  and  its  relations  with  the 
Germans  of  the  occupied  zone.  Next,  in  Berlin,  further  con- 
tacts with  Russian  refugees  were  established,  and  various  pur- 
chases made  of  German  material,  such  as  the  Grimm  collec- 
tion of  posters,  already  noted.  But  the  real  objective  was 
further  north  and  on  October  11,  Mr.  Golder  reached  Riga, 
just  in  time  to  be  present,  through  the  courtesy  of  a  Polish 
delegate  and  acquaintance,  at  the  signing  of  the  preliminary 
Peace  Treaty,  October  12,  1920,  between  Soviet  Russia  and 
Poland. 

The  next  two  and  one-half  months  were  spent  in  the  states 
of  Finland,  Latvia,  Esthonia,  and  Lithuania,  making  collections 
for  these  countries  of  war  history  materials  of  all  sorts,  even 
copies  of  manuscripts,  individual  memoirs,  etc.  But  all  the 
time  special  efforts  were  devoted  to  finding  and  securing  Bol- 
shevist material  representative  both  of  those  earlier  days  when 
Bolshevism  was  trying  to  dominate  the  countries  mentioned, 
and  of  the  later  and  present  period  when  Bolshevist  propa- 
ganda from  Russia  was  being  smuggled  into  them.  This  type 
of  material,  for  both  the  early  and  later  period,  is  difficult  to 
secure,  since  in  each  state  bordering  on  Soviet  Russia  the  law 
punishes  the  citizen  who  may  be  found  with  it  in  his  possession, 
and  the  police  are  rigorous  and  energetic  in  seizing  it.  In  1919, 
for  example,  when  Mr.  Lutz  was  at  Buda-Pesth,  he  made  an 
arrangement  with  the  Hungarian  government  for  a  collection 
of  Bolshevist  propaganda  of  the  regime  of  Bela  Kun,  but  w^hen 
our  shipping  agent,  having  packed  it  with  a  number  of  book 
purchases,  attempted  to  dispatch  it  to  us  by  freight,  the  Hun- 
garian police  opened  the  cases,  and  seized  the  Bolshevist  ma- 


74  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

terial.  They  were  prevented  from  destroying  it,  as  the  law 
directed,  by  the  protests  of  an  American  official,  and  later,  after 
much  negotiation,  the  government  directed  its  release  to  us, 
so  that  it  reached  us  months  after  the  initial  book  shipment. 
This  illustrates  the  difficulty,  and  also  the  delicacy,  of  gathering 
Bolshevist  material  in  the  western  border  countries  of  Russia. 
Mr.  Grolder,  therefore,  was  compelled  to  use  much  discretion 
in  collection,  and  made  it  a  rule  first  to  explain  briefly  to  gov- 
ernmental officials  the  purely  historical  purpose  of  his  work, 
with  the  result  that  everywhere  he  gained  official  approval,  and 
frequently  direct  governmental  aid.  Thus  the  Finnish  govern- 
ment gave  us  a  duplicate  collection  of  all  the  Bolshevist  ma- 
terial seizures  made  by  its  secret  police,  and  at  the  end  of  his 
work  in  the  Baltic  states,  Mr.  Colder  reported  that  he  had 
secured  very  complete  files  of  Russian  propaganda  material. 
Some  of  this  has  already  reached  us  and  like  other  general 
war  propaganda  material  is  of  every  conceivable  type  and  char- 
acter. Most  of  it  is  in  Russian,  but  there  is  much  in  other 
languages,  especially  in  German  and  in  English.  Since,  how- 
ever, the  sources  from  which  it  was  received  by  Mr.  Colder 
are  in  some  cases  still  confidential,  no  analysis  of  materials 
received,  or  on  their  way,  is  here  permissible. 

It  is  possible,  however,  to  give  a  list  of  somewhat  similar 
materials  recently  secured  through  another  agent,  and  in  a 
country  not  visited  by  Mr.  Colder.  In  Hungary,  after  the 
controversy  with  the  police  had  cleared  the  air,  it  has  proved 
feasible  to  go  much  more  thoroughly  than  could  Mr.  Lutz 
in  his  short  visit  in  1919,  into  collecting  Bolshevist  material 
for  the  Bela  Kun  episode.  This  collection  contains  the  follow- 
ing items.     The  titles  are  translations. 

A.  Placards  of  the  First  (Karolyi)  Revolution 

1.  Funeral   March.      (The  double-headed  eagle   is  the  emblem  of  the 

1  Tapsburgs.) 

2.  In  the  Name  of  His  Majesty.     (In  the  foreground  is  the  king,  to 

whom  the  war  victims  are  showing  their  wounds.) 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  75 

3.  Lukacsics.     (He  was  the  notorious  military  commander  of  Buda- 

pest before   the    revolution,   and   was   noted   for   his   cruelty  to 
deserters.) 

4.  Statistics  of  the  War.    The  Crime  of  the  Old  Regime. 

5.  We  Demand  of  Wilson  a  Peace  Worthy  of  Wilson. 

6.  England,  You  Lift  Them  Up. 

7.  Do  you  wish  4  Alsaces?     (Against  the  dismemberment  of  Hungary.) 

8.  Is  This  the  Way  To  Pay  Tchech  Bills  ?    (Against  Tchech  atrocities.) 

9.  We  Desire  a  Red  Parliament.    Vote  for  the  Social-Democrats, 

B.  Placards  of  the  Second  (Commune)  Revolution 

10.  Dictatorship  of  the  Proletariat.     Long  Live  the  Hungarian  Soviet 

Republic  Allied  to  Russia. 

11.  Proletariat!     Our  Cause  Is  the  Cause  of  World  Revolution. 

12.  Propaganda  Booklets  x\re  Obtainable  from  the  Janitor. 

13.  The  Hand  of  the  Proletariat,  or  the  Scourge  ot  the  Entente. 

14.  Brigands!     Is  This  What  You  Wished?     (The  conference  at  Ver- 

sailles.) 

15.  Forward  Proletariat!     You  Are  the  Saviours  of  the  World. 

16.  May  1,  1919. 

17.  With  Me  or  Against  Me?     (Red  soldier.) 

18.  Join  the  Red  Army ! 

19.  Forward,  Red  Soldiers. 

20.  Every  Industry  Should  Have  Its  Battalion  of  Workmen. 

21.  Brothers!    The  Deadly  Peace  of  the  Entente  Is  Our  Ally. 

22.  The   World  Revolution  Will  Destroy   the    Pleasures  of   Capitalist 

Society — Alcohol  and  Prostitution. 

23.  What  the  Roumanians  Wish  from  Their  Murderous  Peace  Condi- 

tions. 

C.  Placards  Appearing  After  the  Commune 

24.  They  Wash  Themselves.     (Those  who  were  reds  wash  their  hands 

in  the  Danube.     Parliament  building  in  the  background.) 

25.  Scoundrels !     This  Is  Your  Manner  of  Working. 

26.  The  Red  Horrified  at  Having  Ruined  Hungary. 

D.  Books  Which  Were  Widely  Read  During  the  Commune 

27.  Bela  Kun  :  Documents  on  the  Fusion  of  the  Social-Democrat  Party 

with  the  Bolshevik  Party. 

28.  Bela  Kun  :  What  the  Communists  Wish. 

29.  Bela  Kun:  Who  Will  Pay  for  the  War? 

30.  N.  Lenin :  The  State  of  Revolution. 

31.  N.  Lenin:  The  Direction  of  the  Struggle. 

32.  N.  Lenin:  The  Bourgeois  Democracy  and  the  Dictatorship  of  the 

Proletariat. 

33.  N.  Buncharin :  The  Program  of  the  Communists. 


76  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

34.  N.  Buncharin :  From  the  Dictatorship  of  the  ImperiaHsts  to  the  Dic- 

tatorship of  the  Proletariat. 

35.  N.  Buncharin  :  The  Class  Struggle  and  the  Revolution  in  Russia. 
36    N.  Buncharin :  Down  with  the  International  Robbers. 

Z7.  A.  Kollontaj :  The  Working  Mother. 

38.  L.  Trotsky:  Only  Work,  Discipline,  and  Order  Can  Save  the  Pro- 

letariat. 

39.  Pierre  Kropotkin :  A  Discourse  to  the  Youth. 

40.  Karl  Marx:  Coup  d'etat  of  Napoleon  III. 

41.  Karl  Marx :  Civil  War  in  France. 

42.  Marx  and  Engels :  The  Communist  Appeal. 

43.  Szabo :  Struggle  Between  Capital  and  Labour. 

44.  R.  Krejosi :  Leon  Frankel,  the  Hungarian  Leader  of  the  Paris  Com- 

mune. 

45.  Arnold  Passer :  Mene  Tekel. 

46.  Sophie  Denes :  Women  in  Communist  Society. 

47.  Jaures-Lefargue :  The  Laws  of  Social  Evolution. 

48.  Jules  Hevesi :  The  Technical  and  Economic  Necessity  of  the  Com- 

munist Revolution.     (German  edition.) 

49.  Jules  Hevesi :  The  Technical  and  Economic  Necessity  of  the  Com- 

munist Revolution.     (Hungarian  edition.) 
50-74.  Several  less  important  pamphlets  published  during  the  Commune. 

E.  Pamphlets  Published  During  the  Commune 

75.  Hungarian,  40;  German,  24;  French,  10;  Roumanian,  12;  Russian,  8; 

Arabic,  2 ;  different  Slavic  languages,  27 ;  Hebrew,  3. 

F.  Illustrated  Pamphlets 

76.  Thirty-three  illustrated  pamphlets  dropped  by  aviators  in  the  enemy 

lines  (with  the  object  of  inciting  Roumanian,  French,  and  Tchech 
soldiers  to  revolt). 

G.  Papers 

77.  Daily  (in  Hungarian  and  German),  9. 
Weekly : 

Scientific,  2. 
Literary,  4. 
Political,  12. 

H.  Decrees  and  Laws  of  the  Commune 
78a.  Collection  of  decrees  and  laws  of  the  Commune  up  to  June  30,  1919. 
(Only  these  five  volumes  were  published;  there  was  not  sufficient 
time  for  printing  the  sixth.) 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  77 

I.  Lectures. 
78t.  Lectures  given  at  the  school  of  agitators.     (The  school  of  agitators 
was  founded  to  give  economic  and  political  instruction  to  young 
men  who  were  to  become  Bolshevik  agitators.    These  documents 
are  rare  and  very  interesting.) 

79.  Alexander  Varjas :  Opening  Address. 

80.  Koloman  Dienes:  The  Dictatorship  of  the  Proletariat. 
8L  Alexander  Varjas :  Money  and  the  Unearned  Increments. 

82.  Alexander  Varjas :  Unearned  Increments  and  Profit. 

83.  Eugen  Varga:   Series  of  Nine  Lectures  on  the  Economic  Theory 

of  Capitalism. 

84.  A.    Varjas:  Series   of   Six   Lectures   on    Modern   Political   History 

from  1789  to  Napoleon  III. 

85.  A.  Varjas :  The  Principles  of  the  Economic  Doctrines  of  Marx. 

J.  The  Soviet  Parliament 

86.  Proces  Verbals  of  the  Ten  Meetings  of  the  Soviet  Parliament.    (We 

believe  that  we  have  secured  the  only  copies  of  these  in  existence.) 

87.  Constitution  of  the  Socialist  Republic  of  the  Soviets. 

88.  Organization    and    Rules    of    Procedure   of   the   Central    Executive 

Committee. 

89.  Names  of  Members  of  the  Central  Executive  Committee. 

90.  Project  of  Law  Concerning  the  Exercise  of  Judicial  Proof.     (Sub- 

mitted by  the  Commissioner  of  Justice  to  the  Soviet  Assembly.) 

K.  Documents  Concerning  the  War  Which  Are  Not  Concerned 
WITH  Bolshevism 

91.  Diplomatic  Documents  Dealing  with  Causes  of  the  War. 

92.  Documents    concerning   the   movements   of    the    Austro-Hungarian 

fleet. 

93.  Diplomatic   documents    concerning  the    relations   between   Austria- 

Hungary  and  Italy. 

94.  Diplomatic  documents   on   the   relations   between   Austria-Hungary 

and  Roumania. 

95.  Proofs  of  the  violations   of   international   law  by   the    enemies   of 

Austria-Hungary. 

96.  Germany's  reasons  for  war  with  Russia. 

97.  Nine  proces  verbals  of  meetings  of  the  present  National  Assembly. 

(Concerning  the  ratification  of  peace  and  other  interesting  topics 
of  the  day.) 
In  addition  to  the  work  already  noted,  and  to  making  ordi- 
nary book  purchases,  Mr.  Colder  has  hunted  otit  individuals 
prominent  in  the  Baltic  states  in  the  period  of  the  war.  interested 
them  in  our  collection,  secured  from  them  manuscripts  or  had 


78  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

copies  made  of  manuscripts,  and  started  a  number  of  them  to 
writing  memoirs  for  us  of  leading  events.  Among  these,  for 
example,  are  manuscripts  and  memoirs  on  the  Bermondt  affair, 
in  the  Baltic  provinces  after  the  armistice.  But  the  one  out- 
standing result  of  Mr.  Golder's  work  is  the  acquisition  of  a 
remarkable  collection  on  Russian  history  antedating  the  war, 
and  thus  not  directly  grist  for  the  Hoover  War  Collection,  but 
rather  a  splendid  addition  to  the  Library  of  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, offering  unusual  opportunities  in  America  for  studies 
of  Russian  history  and  government. 

This    is    the    "Miliukov    Collection,"    and    its    acquisition 
deserves  special  description.    Paul  Nicholaivitch  Miliukov  was 
perhaps  the  most  distinguished  professor  of  the  University  of 
Moscow.    He  was  the  Liberal  leader  of  the  Duma  during  the 
last    two    years    of  the  reign  of  Nicholas  H,  and  afterward 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  in  the  provisional  government  of 
Prince  Lvoff  on  the  overthrow  of  the  monarchy.     Mr.  Colder 
had  long  been  acquainted  with  Professor  Miliukov,  and  while 
in  Russia  with  the  Stevens  Railway  Commission,  had  had  the 
good  fortune  on  one  occasion,  just  after  the  Bolshevists  had 
come  into  power,   to  be  able  to   render  to   Miliukov  a  great 
personal  service.     In  London  he  visited  Miliukov,  and  learned 
that  in  1914  Miliukov  had  sent  into  Finland  his  private  collec- 
tion on  Russian  history,  placing  it  in  the  custody  of  a  German 
farmer.     This   collection  contains  works  on  Russian  history, 
but  is  in  the  main  what  may  be  called  source  material  for  the 
study  of  Russian  history,  especially  in  its  economic  and  political 
aspects.     Miliukov  had  not  seen  the  collection  since  1914,  did 
not  know  its  fate,  and  feared  it  had  been  scattered  or  destroyed. 
He  offered  it  to  Mr.  Colder  for  Stanford  University,  if  the 
latter  could  find  it  and  secure  possession.     Arrived  in  Finland, 
Mr.  Colder  discovered  that  the  person  to  whom  it  had  been 
entrusted  had  been   sent  to   Siberia  as  a  Cerman   suspect   in 
1915,  but  before  arrest  had  succeeded  in  transferring  the  col- 
lection to  safe  hands;  that  he  was  later  returned  to  Finland, 
and  now  was  anxious  to  get  rid  of  the  collection.     In  fact,  he 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  79 

was  offering  it  for  sale  in  parts,  in  order  to  recover  expenses 
incurred  in  preserving  it.  Mr.  Colder,  actively  assisted  by 
the  Finnish  Foreign  Minister,  Mr.  Holsti,  made  the  required 
payments,  secured  possession,  and  has  started  the  collection  on 
its  way  to  Stanford  University.  Just  what  the  collection  con- 
tains cannot  be  determined  until  its  arrival.  It  was  shipped 
from  Helsingfors  in  thirty-four  packing  cases,  two  of  which, 
however,  contain  personal  letters  of  Mr.  Miliukov  and  are  to 
be  returned  to  him.  Mr.  Miliukov,  in  letters  recently  received, 
has  emphasized  the  fact  that  his  collection  consists  less  of 
"library  shelf  books"  than  of  documents  and  manuscripts 
gathered  for  the  study  of  Russian  institutions  and  history. 
But  this  merely  adds  to  its  value  from  our  point  of  view,  and 
in  any  case  a  collection  gathered  by  so  important  and  dis- 
tinguished a  person  as  Mr.  Miliukov  will  constitute  a  notable 
addition  to  the  library  of  Stanford  University. 

In  December,  Mr.  Colder  returned  to  Paris  and  London, 
and  in  January  started  for  southeastern  Europe  and  Constanti- 
nople to  continue  his  work  in  that  region.  Ceneral  reports  are 
being  received  from  him  of  his  results,  but  as  these  are  neces- 
sarily brief,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  securing  proper  clerical 
help  in  the  way  of  making  lists,  etc.,  no  extended  statement 
is  here  made  of  his  acquisitions.  He  was  in  Tiflis  in  January, 
1921,  just  before  the  Bolshevik  drive  on  that'  city,  but  escaped 
safely  and  returned  to  Constantinople  in  February.  Since  then 
he  has  been  working  in  Bulgaria,  Roumania  and  Serbia.  In 
the  late  spring  his  plan  is  to  return  to  the  Baltic  territory  to 
complete  undertakings  started  there.  Ultimately  he  is  to  re- 
turn to  Stanford  University  as  a  regular  member  of  the  staff 
of  the  Department  of  History,  but  he  will  remain  in  Europe 
in  his  present  work  until  September,  1922.  Exclusive  of  the 
Miliukov  collection,  the  total  number  of  items  secured  to  date 
through  Mr.  Colder  is  5,300.  It  is  not  yet  organized  for 
research. 


XI.    THE  STANFORD  FOOD  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 

Throughout  the  war,  Mr.  Hoover  was  impressed  with  the 
lack  of  scientific  data  necessary  for  the  wise  administration  of 
the  world  food  problems  with  which  he  was  concerned,  first 
as  organizer  of  the  Commission  for  Relief  in  Belgium,  next 
as  American  Food  Administrator,  then  as  head  of  the  Amer- 
ican Relief  Administration,  and  in  this  connection  as  chief 
American  representative  on  the  Supreme  Economic  Council  at 
Paris,  and  finally  as  head  of  the  American  Relief  Administra- 
tion, European  Children's  Relief.  He  became  convinced  that 
for  the  United  States  and  for  the  whole  world  an  intensive 
study  of  the  production,  exchange,  distribution  and  consump- 
tion of  food  stuffs  was  needed,  both  because  of  its  immediate 
human  service  in  relation  to  the  saving  of  life  and  the  pres- 
ervation of  health,  and  also  because  of  its  indirect,  yet  vital, 
importance  in  any  system  of  international  relations  looking 
toward  world  peace.  Early  in  the  work  of  organizing  the 
Hoover  War  Collection  it  was  agreed  that  a  special  effort 
should  be  made  to  secure  materials,  either  in  print  or  manu- 
script, on  national  and  world  food  conditions,  and  particularly 
the  official  records  of  the  work  and  experiences  of  the  leading 
governments.  In  addition  plans  were  made  for  the  copying  of 
the  records  of  the  informational,  the  statistical,  and  the  admin- 
istrative sections  of  the  various  food  commissions  of  which 
Mr.  Hoover  had  been  the  chief  organizer. 

Thus  the  collection  is  rich  in  materials  for  the  study  of 
the  great  food  problem  as  it  existed  during  the  war.  But  the 
gathering  of  this  material  was  but  a  part  of  Mr.  Hoover's 
plan.  As  finally  developed  in  his  mind,  it  took  the  form  of  a 
Food  Research  Institute,  with  experts  in  charge,  and  a  compe- 
tent research  bureau.  A  proposal  to  establish  such  an  Institute 
at  Stanford  University  has  been  accepted  by  the  Carnegie 
Corporation  of  New  York,  which  has  granted  the  sum  of 
$700,000  to  cover  a  ten-year  period  of  research.  At  the  time 
when  this  report  is  being  written  the  Institute  has  reached  the 
stage  of  a  formal  organization  of  Directors  and  of  an  Advisory 
Committee,  and  is  to  begin  work  on  July  1,  1921. 


STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  81 

The  three  directors  will  be  Dr.  Alonzo  Englebert  Taylor, 
the  well-known  authority  on  the  nutritional  and  ecjnomic 
phases  of  food  in  national  life,  Dr.  Carl  Lucas  Alsberg,  at 
present  chief  chemist  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
and  Dr.  Joseph  Stanoliffe  Davis,  who  is  a  member  of  the 
economics  faculty  of  Harvard  University. 

The  Advisory  Committee  consists  of  the  ex-officio  mem- 
bers. Dr.  James  R.  Angell,  president  of  the  Carnegie  Corpora- 
tion, Dr.  R.  L.  Wilbur,  president  of  Stanford  University,  and 
Herbert  Hoover,  who  was  specified  in  the  original  agreement 
with  the  Carnegie  Corporation.  The  additional  members  are: 
William  M.  Jardine,  president  of  Kansas  State  Agricultural 
College;  A.  R.  Howard,  president  of  the  Farm  Bureau,  the 
national  farmers'  organization ;  Dr.  J.  C.  Merriam,  president 
of  the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  George  C. 
Roeding,  formerly  of  the  California  Horticultural  Commission, 
and  Julius  Barnes,  formerly  U.  S.  Wheat  Director  and  president 
of  the  U.  S.  Grain  Corporation,  and  an  authority  on  transporta- 
tion and  distribution  methods. 

The  Advisory  Committee,  which  will  from  time  to  time 
confer  with  the  directors  of  the  institute,  is  made  up,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  agreement  between  Stanford  University  and 
the  Carnegie  Corporation,  of  men  of  national  prominence,  rep- 
resenting agricultural,  consumer,  economic,  and  other  groups 
of  the  community. 

The  three  directors  of  the  institute  will  determine  the  sci- 
entific policies  of  the  institute  and  the  problems  to  be  studied. 
Each  of  them  will  head  a  division  of  the  work.  Dr.  Taylor 
in  the  field  of  physiology  and  the  chemistry  of  nutrition,  Dr. 
Alsberg  in  the  field  of  the  chemistry  of  food  manufacture  and 
agriculture,  and  Dr.  Davis  in  the  field  of  economics  and  food 
distribution.  They  will  work  cooperatively  to  cover  the  whole 
subject  of  the  production,  distribution  and  consumption  of 
food. 

Thus  in  the  field  of  food  research  the  Hoover  War  Collec- 


82  THE  HOOVER  WAR  COLLECTION 

tion  is  soon  to  be  used  by  an  efficiently  organized  group  of 
experts  and  assistants,  though,  naturally,  the  greater  part  of 
their  studies  and  reports  will  be  based  upon  investigations 
derived  from  data  not  included  in  the  collection.  It  will  be 
evident,  however,  that  the  collection  will  be  of  no  small  value 
in  the  work  of  the  Stanford  Food  Research  Institute. 


Ordinarily  a  report  of  this  nature  should  include  recog- 
nition of  the  assistance  given  by  persons  and  institutions,  but 
the  mere  naming  of  these  would  result  in  so  long  a  list  of 
officials  and  private  individuals  in  all  countries,  that  limitations 
of  space  preclude  personal  mention.  Some  few  have  been  noted 
in  relation  to  special  fields  of  collection,  in  the  body  of  this 
report,  but  everywhere  there  was  experienced  the  greatest 
spirit  of  interested  helpfulness.  Naturally,  because  of  the  con- 
ditions under  which  the  collection  was  initiated,  the  staff  of 
the  History  Department  has  had  a  leading  part  in  the  work,  and 
there  should  be  added  to  those  already  mentioned,  the  names 
of  Professor  P.  A.  Martin,  who  has  been  our  adviser  in  the 
securing  of  South  American  materials,  and  of  Professor  R. 
G.  Trotter,  who  is  directing  the  work  in  Dominion  of  Canada 
documents.  Professor  Espinosa,  of  the  Romanic  Language 
Department,  has  helped  to  secure  Spanish  documents,  and 
throughout  all  our  work,  and  in  all  aspects  of  it,  the  Librarian 
of  the  University,  Mr.  G.  T.  Clark,  has  given  enthusiastic 
assistance. 

To  all  who  have  assisted  us,  our  sincere  thanks  are  here  ex- 
pressed. If,  as  is  fully  expected,  the  work  of  collecting  is  to 
go  on  indefinitely,  we  shall  hope  for  the  continued  advice  of 
these,  our  established  friends,  and  shall  welcome  assistance  and 
advice  from  any  who  are  interested.  The  Hoover  War  Col- 
lection is  still  in  process  of  organization,  but,  though  yet  un- 
catalogued  in  the  sense  in  which  librarians  use  that  term,  that 
which  has  already  reached  us  is,  in  the  main,  usable  by  stu- 
dents and  writers  of  research  experience,  and  is  freely  open  to 
such  use. 


DEC 


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